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中国建筑西南设计研究院刘朝贤为了分析系统可靠性,将高层民用建筑设计防火规范(GB5004595)表8.3.2-1~4的4种加压送风防烟方案进行了简化分析硬件部分的可靠性时,根据该规范规定的防烟技术条件,运用概率理论和可靠性原理推导并建立了加压送风防烟系统的可靠度计算数学模型,经过简化推理分析,对不同方案的可靠度进行了比较软件部分是防烟系统致命失效的重要原因,涉及加压送风防烟的许多原则问题,如加压送风量的计算方法加压送风的最佳部位加压送风口的形式及开启方式,以及笔者从实际工程调查中发现的加压送风系统保障体系等,对这些软件元素故障机理和对系统可靠性的影响等分别进行了分析对系统硬件部分和软件部分可靠性分析的结论,可为加压送风防烟系统的优化和防烟规范条文的修订提供理论依据,供高层建筑防烟设计和研究人员参考可靠性概率计算方法加压送风口开启方式保障体系Reliabilityanalysisonhardwareandsoftwareelementsforsmokecontrolandpressurizationventilationsystemofhigh-risebuildingsByLiuChaoxianAbstractForanalysingthereliabilityofhardwareandsoftwareelements,simplifiesthefoursmokecontrolmodesinTables8.3.2-1to4oftheCodeforfireprotectiondesignoftallbuildings.Forhardwarereliabilityanalyses,developsareliabilitycalculationmathematicmodelonsmokecontrolandpressurizationventilationsystemaccordingtothetechnicalconditionsofsmokecontrolsystemregulatedbytheCode,statisticstheoryandreliabilityprinciple.Comparesthereliabilityofdifferentmathematicmodelsbasedonsimplificationandreasoning.Asimportantfactorsoffatalfailureinsmokecontrolsystem,softwareelementsinvolvesomeessentialproblems,includingthecalculationmethodofairrateforpressurizationventilation,theoptimalpositionoftheairoutlet,theformofairoutletandopeningmode,andespeciallytheguaranteesystemofpressurizationventilationsystemputforwardbytheauthorfromactualprojectinvestigation.Analysesrespectivelythefailuremechanismofsoftwareelementsandtheirinfluenceonsystemreliability.Theanalysisresultprovidestheoreticreferencesfortheoptimizationofpressurizationventilationsystem,coderevision,andsmokecontrolsystemdesignandresearchofhigh-risebuildings.Keywordsreliability,probability,calculationmethod,pressurizationinlet,openingmode,guaranteesystemChinaSouthwestArchitecturalDesignandResearchInstitute,Chengdu,China1,,;,,74暖通空调HV&AC2007年第37卷第11期,,19341,,,6100818(028)83223943(0)13551092700E-mail:wz20030716@vip.sina.com:2007-09-29,,,,;,,,,3:1)2),3),(GB5004595)()8.3.2-1~4(,),:N(),,,,ZY-1;,,,(),ZY-2,ZY-1ZY-222.1(1,)2.2(2)33.13.1.11)ZY-1(8.3.2-1)11aRaa1Ra1,bRb,C1C2cRcdRdefRefghRgh2(ZY-1,ZY-2)ZY-1Rl11),,2)ZY-1n,20n=2,20,n=3,m,mn,,Rl1=1.0,mnRl1=0,ZY-1n(ZY-1,ZY-2,)ZY-1Rl21),,,2),,,3),,,,,,,,80%()4),,,,,,,,,,ZY-175暖通空调HV&AC2007年第37卷第11期(ZY-2)ZY-2Rq3ZY-2,n(n=2~3),(1.5~1.75)n,m,m=M()f()nm,;nm,,,nm,,,vvmin,,,ZY-11ZY-12)ZY-2(8.3.2-3~4)22ZY-23),ZY-1ZY-2(8.3.2-2),33ZY-1ZY-23.1.21)ZY-1R1R1=ni=1Ri=Rb3Ref(1)Rb3=ni=1Ri=Rb2Rd(2)Rb2=1-ni=1(1-Ri)=1-(1-Rb1)(1-Rc)(3)Rb1=RaRb(4)(2)(1),R1=Rb2RdRef(5)(3)(5)R1=[1-(1-Rb1)(1-Rc)]RdRef(6)(4)(6),R1=[1-(1-RaRb)(1-Rc)]RdRef(7)2)ZY-2R2(Rb3(2),Rb2(3),Rb1(4))R2=Ra2Rgh(8)Ra2=[1-(1-Ra1)(1-Rb3)](9)3)ZY-1ZY-2RZY-1ZY-2,,,ZY-1ZY-2R=ni=1Ri=R1R2(10)3.1.33.1.3.11)Rxi,0Rxi1.0(11)2)Rxi,95%3),Ref,,Rgh,,RefRgh(12)4)R1,R2,R0Ri1.03.1.3.276暖通空调HV&AC2007年第37卷第11期1)ZY-1ZY-2(1),(8),(12)R1R2=Rb3Ra2(13)1c,Rb3Rb2Rd,Ra22cRb2RdRa1(4)44,Ra2Rb3(14)Rb3Ra21(15)(15)(13)R1R21(16)R1R2ZY-1R1ZY-2R22)ZY-1ZY-2RR1R2(10)RR1=R1R2R1=R2(17)RR2=R1R2R2=R1(18)R11.0,R21.0,R/R11.0,R1R,R/R21.0,R2R3.23.2.1:,vvmin3.2.2ZY-1,ZY-23.2.2.1ZY-1Rl1mnm,,:nm,Rl1=1.0;nm,Rl1=0nm,,vvmin,3.2.2.2mm=N2+2(19)N2NM1M2,[1-2],120,,2,3s,1.5s,300s,N2:19,N2=7;12,N2=5;8,N2=4(19)2MWMW,3.2.2.3ZY-1Rl120,n=2;20;n=33.2.2.1(19)nm:20N20(20)20N21(21)8(N2=4),(21),(22),nm,Rl1=0ZY-13.2.2.4ZY-11.75,n,33.2.2.5ZY-1,8,,,77暖通空调HV&AC2007年第37卷第11期3ZY-1Rl1n=nm=N2+2NmRl1n1.0202n=21.0=2m=N2+2nmN20020~323n=31.0=3m=N2+2nmN2101.75202n=21.75=3.5m=N2+2,N2=4m=6nm020~323n=31.75=5.25m=N2+2,N2=4m=6nm8,8Rl1=08.3.2-1~41.75:1),n=n,,n=n2)8N2=4,Rl1=01.75,Rl1=0,ZY-13.2.3ZY-1Rl2,,,,20,8,,,97%,n=2~3,ZY-1,,3.2.3.1ZY-2Rl2ZY-2N,M1,M2,n(n=2~3),mm((20))m=N2+2(22)N23.2.3.2Rl2nm,Rl2=1.0nmRl2=0nm(23)n:20,n=2(22),(23),nmN20(24)20~32,n=3,nmN21(25)(24),(25):20,100%,20,,,nmRl23.2.4ZY-2ZY-1,ZY-1,ZY-2Rq3,(),1~3,1,2,;,,,3()3.2.4.1n,n,mnm,ZY-2n=n(26)78暖通空调HV&AC2007年第37卷第11期,,1,=1;2,=1.5;3,=1.75m=Mf(27)M;f,8.3.2-1~4,,1.50~1.75,(,)nfRq33.2.4.2ZY-2Rq3(4)3.2.4.3ZY-2Rq34Rq3nmfMNnn=nm=MfRq3f=111.00202211=1nm1.020~323311=1nm1.021.50202321=2nm1.0,20~3234.521=2nm1.031.752023.531=3nm1.020~3235.2531=3nm1.011.00202213=3nm0f=320~323313=3n=m1.021.50202323=6nm020~3234.523=6nm031.752023.533=9nm020~3235.2533=9nm0:3,n34:1)ZY-2,,1~3,2)ZY-2,3(),,20~32,1~3,344.1R2R1R,(8.3.2-3~4)ZY-2R2(8.3.2-1)ZY-1R1;ZY-1R1ZY-1ZY-2,(8.3.2-2)R4.21)ZY-1,,,N2,Rl1=0N2,Rl2=0,Rl2=0()N2+N2,N2,,2)ZY-2,:;3(,),3,,20,,Rq3=079暖通空调HV&AC2007年第37卷第11期,ZY-2Rq3=0m,f,,n(M1M220n=2,20n=3),,,,n,,Rq3=0,Rq3=0ZY-1Rl1=0Rl2=0,:(GBJ4582)(GB5004595)(2005);;;;;;;:[1].[J].,1998(2):6-9[2].[J].,1999(3):1-8[3].[J].,1999(4):1-6[4].[C]2007,2007[5].[C]2007,2007[6].[C]2007,2007[7].8.2.3[C]2007,2007[8].()[J].,1998(3):1-4[9].[J].,2007(9):92-94[10]..[J].,2002(2):5-10[11]..[G](),2002[12].()[J].,1998(1):1-6[13].GB5004595[S].:,2005(上接第109页)2)():8;9,11;10,123):2(13),3,20~24,,,4,,,,4.1,7,,7,,4.2,,,,4.3,:[1].[M].:,199380暖通空调HV&AC2007年第37卷第11期