研究生英语Unit9.

Unit9THEHOUSINGCRISISGOESSUBURBAN英语四组第一段Butthescarcityofaffordablehousingisadeepeningnationalcrisis,andnotjustforinner-cityfamiliesonwelfare.Theproblemhasclimbedtheincomeladderandmovedtothesuburbs,whereserviceworkerscramtheirfamiliesintoovercrowdedapartments,collegegraduateshavetocrashwiththeirparents,andfirefighters,policeofficersandteacherscan'taffordtoliveinthecommunitiestheyserve.翻译但经适房稀缺性是一个不断加深的民族危机，而不仅仅是依靠福利为生的城市家庭的危机。这个问题已经波及到了高收入人群，并向郊区蔓延，在那里的服务工作人员们及其他们的家属在拥挤的公寓里，大学毕业生不得不借宿在他们的父母家里，而消防队员、警察和教师在他们所服务的社区也买不起房。难词解释①scarcityn.缺乏，不足,稀少，罕见n.asmallandinadequateamount同近义词shortage,shortof,deficiency,insufficiente.g.ThisisindispensableinaregionliketheNearEast,wherethescarcityofwaterprohibitsfurtheragriculturalexpansion.对于近东这样的区域来讲，这是极为必要的，在这里，水的短缺限制了农业的扩展。②.deepeningn.加深，延深；向下侵蚀v.使深化；加深（deepen的现在分词）n.aprocessofbecomingdeeperandmoreprofoundadj.accumulatingandbecomingmoreintense同近义词saddening,downcuttinge.g.Therearesomegeneralwaystoapproachdevelopinganddeepeningyourskills.有一些常规的方法可用于发展和加深您的技能。③.crisisn.危机；危险期；决定性时刻adj.危机的；用于处理危机的n.anunstablesituationofextremedangerordifficultyacrucialstageorturningpointinthecourseofsomethingcomeunraveledorundoneasifbysnaggingdefiningmoment,criticalstagee.g.Manycompanieshavebeensentunderintheeconomiccrisis.在这次经济危机中，已有许多公司倒闭了。④.climbedtheincomeladderclimbvi.爬；攀登；上升vt.爬；攀登；上升n.爬；攀登n.anupwardslopeorgrade(asinaroad)v.goupwardwithgradualorcontinuousprogress同近义词vi.爬；攀登；上升arise,raise,scalevt.爬；攀登；上升scale,comeupn.爬；攀登escaladee.g.1.Hemadeadifficultclimb.他作了一次艰难的攀登2.Watchinghimclimbuptheprecipice,everybodywasbreathlesswithanxiety.看着他往悬崖上爬，大家都捏一把汗incomeladder高收入人群e.g.Mostofoureconomicgainshavegonetopeopleattheverytopoftheincomeladder.我们绝大多数的经济增长都是由高收入人群取得的laddern.阶梯；途径；梯状物vi.成名；发迹vt.在……上装设梯子n.stepsconsistingoftwoparallelmembersconnectedbyrungs;forclimbingupordownv.comeunraveledorundoneasifbysnagging同近义词n.阶梯；途径；梯状物mechanism,approach,passvi.成名；发迹raiseoneself,makehismarke.g.Heloanedtheladdertohisneighbour.他把梯子借给了邻居。⑤.tothesuburbs到郊区e.g.Hisfamilymoved/removedtothesuburbs.他的一家搬到郊区去了suburbn.附近；边缘部分；市郊，近郊，郊区n.aresidentialdistrictlocatedontheoutskirtsofacity同近义词margin,banlieuee.g.Hewantedtohomeinthesuburb.他想在郊区安个家。⑥.cram:v.把······塞入，把…塞满，把…挤满v.toforcesomethingintoasmallspace同近义词stuff,bepackedwithe.g.Jessicacrammedherclothesintothebag.⑦.overcrowdedadj.过度拥挤的v.拥挤（overcrowd的过去分词）v.causetocrowdtogethertoomuch同近义词crowdede.g.ToDavid,thiswasnotjustonemorebaubleinanalreadyovercrowdedjewelrybox.Rather,thiswashislovedisplayedonmyarmforalltheworldtosee.对戴维来说，这个不仅仅是一个装在拥挤的首饰盒中的小玩意，而是一个向世界宣布他对我的爱，戴在我手臂的爱⑧.crash:n.撞碎；坠毁；破产；轰隆声；睡觉vi.摔碎；坠落；发出隆隆声；(金融企业等)破产vt.打碎；使坠毁、撞坏；擅自闯入；借宿v.slangtostayatsomeone’shouseforthenight同近义词借宿stayovernightatsbelse'splace;putupforthenighte.g.Icrashedforonenightatmyfriend’shousewhenIwasinChicag⑨.affordto（有条件）做；能承担；买得起某物；支付的起同近义词come,doeste.g.Onlythencanyoufigureoutwhatyoucanaffordtopay.只有这样你才能算出你能买得起什么样的房子affordvt.给予，提供；买得起beabletospareorgiveup同近义词allow,deal,extend,deliver,tendere.g.Atthattimeonly,noteveryday,ifyoucanaffordit.只有在那个时刻，而非每天都如此，而且是在你能力所及之处。第二段Homeownershipisnearanall-timehigh,butthegapisgrowingbetweentheOwnsandtheOwn-Nots—aswellastheOwnsandtheOwn-80-Miles-From-Work.One-thirdofAmericansnowspendatleast30%oftheirincomeonhousing,thefederaldefinitionofanunaffordableburden,andhalftheworkingpoorspendatleast50%oftheirincomeonrent,acriticalburden.TherealestateboomofthepastdecadehasproducedwindfallsforAmericanswhoownedbeforeitbegan,butaffordablehousingisnowaseriousproblemformorelow-andmoderate-incomeAmericansthantaxes,SocialSecurityorgasprices.翻译住房拥有率接近历史最高位，但有房户和无房户之间的差距越来越大，有房户和房子离工作单位80英里远的有房户之间的差距也越来越大。现在，1／3的美国人花费至少30％的收入用于住房，联邦政府将这种情况定义为“无力支付”的负担，而有一半的穷打工仔花费至少50％的收入用于租房，这种情况被称为“极其严重”的负担。在过去10年里，房地产迅猛发展，这使得在此之前就已经购置房产的美国人发了笔横财，但现在经济房对中、低收入的美国人来说，是一个比税收、社会保险、汽油价格更为严重的问题。第三段Rooseveltsignedhousinglegislationin1934and1937,providingmortgages,governmentapartmentsandconstructionjobsforworkersdownontheirluck.Forhalfacentury,mosthousingdebatesinWashingtonrevolvedaroundhowmuchtoexpandfederalassistance.①mortgagesvt.抵押贷款，按揭n.抵押，房屋抵押贷款n.aconditionalconveyanceofpropertyassecurityfortherepaymentofaloanv.putupassecurityorcollateral同近义词v.holdinpledge,hypothecaten.hypothecation,pledgee.g.Thebankrefusedtoacceptanymortgageonland.银行拒绝接受任何土地抵押.②downontheirluck(bedownonone'sluck)(因不走运而)穷困潦倒tohavenomoneybecauseonehashadalotofbadluckoveraperiodoftimee.g.1.Whensomeoneisdownontheirluck,goodfriendswillbesympathetic.2.Georgehascertainlybeendownonhisluckrecently:firsthiswifefellill;thenhelosthisjob.③revolvedaroundsth.围绕…转动；以…为中心tohavesomethingasamainsubjectorpurposee.g.1.Thearguementrevolvedaroundcosts.2.Forworkingmothers,thecriticalponitintheconflictwillrevolvedaroundgivingupwork.④expandvt.扩张；使膨胀；详述vi.发展；张开，展开v.extendinoneormoredirections同近义词vt.扩张；使膨胀；详述dwellon,enlargeonvi.发展；张开，展开grow,gowaye.g.Wemustbuildonourreputationtoexpandthebusiness.我们必须以信誉为基础扩大业务⑤assistancen.援助，帮助；辅助设备theactivityofcontributingtothefulfillmentofaneedorfurtheranceofanefforto