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Logisticsistheprocessofmovingthegoodsfromthesupplierstothecustomers,executesthebasicfunctionoftransportation,inventory,stowage,portage,package,circulatemanufacture,distributionandinformationtreatmenttoorganicjoint.物流是指物品从供应地向接收地的实体流动过程,将运输、储存、装卸、搬运、包装、流通加工、配送、信息处理等基本功能实施有机结合。SupplyChaincontrolstheflowsofmaterial,capitalandinformationaroundthecorebusiness.Thewholeprocessispurchasingrawmaterial,makingintermediateandfinalproducts,andsendingtoconsumersthroughmarketingnetwork.Thesupplychainisafunction-networkstructure,itcombinessuppliers,manufacturers,distributors,retailersandend-users.供应链是指围绕核心企业,通过对信息流、物流、资金流的控制,从采购原材料开始,制成中间产品及最终产品,最后由销售网络把产品送到消费者手中的将供应商、制造商、分销商、零售商、最终用户连成一个整体的功能网链结构。supplychainmanagementDifferentcalling不同行业efficiencyconsumerresponse有效客户反应,quickresponse快速反应,virtuallogistics虚拟物流,continuousreplenishment连续补充Supplychainmanagement:Useplanning,coordination,operation,controllingandoptimizationinallkindsofactivitiesandprocessesofthewholesupplychainsystems,tomeettheendcustomers’demandfortheproductsattherighttime,intherightquantity,quality,condition,totherightplace,sothatthebenefitofallperformanceismaximized.供应链管理:对整个供应链系统进行计划、协调、操作、控制、优化的各种活动和过程,目标是将满足客户需求的产品在正确的时间,以正确的数量、质量、状态送到正确的地点,使绩效最大化。Thetroubleoftraditionaloperationmodeandmanagementthoughts(传统企业运作模式和管理思想的弊端)一、Themainfeaturesoftraditionaloperationmode(主要特征)1、Seller'smarket(卖方市场)2、Large-scaleproduction(大批量生产)3、Themulti-leveloftheorganizationstructure(多级递阶控制的组织结构)4、Centralizedmanagement(集权式)环境:以规模化需求和区域性的卖方市场为决策背景生产:少品种Lessvariety、大批量生产,刚性、专用流水生产线柔性生产线组织:多级递阶控制的组织结构,管理跨度小、层次多扁平化管理制度:管理思想和管理制度特征:集权式、以追求稳定和控制为主二、Expressionsoftraditionaloperationmode(传统管理模式的表现形式)1、VerticalIntegration(纵向一体化)2、Bigaswellascomplete;smallaswellascomplete(大而全,小而全)TheTroubleofVerticalIntegration(“纵向一体化”管理模式的主要弊端)1.Increasetheburdenonbusinessinvestment(增加企业投资负担)2.Taketheriskoflosingthemarket(承担丧失市场时机的风险)3.Engagedinsomebusinessactivitiesthatthecompanyisnotgoodatit(在每个业务领域都直接面临众多竞争对手)4.Increasetheriskofindustry(增大企业的行业风险)三、Thechangeinmanagementmode(管理模式的转变)1、Horizontalintegration(横向一体化)2、Outsourcingnon-corebusiness(非核心业务的外包)3、Focusontheircorecapabilities(集中资源发展核心能力)4、Occupyactivestatusinthecompetitionthroughastrategicalliance(通过和业务结成战略联盟占据竞争中的主动地位)Thegenerationofsupplychainmanagementmodel(供应链模型的产生)themainmarketcharacteristicsin21Century(21世纪的主要市场特征)1.TheProductlifebecomesshorterandshorter(产品寿命越来越短)2.Quantityofproductvarietiesexpandrapidly(产品品种数量飞速膨胀)3.Highrequirementtothedeliverydate(对交货期的要求越来越高)4.Highexpectationtotheproductsandservices(对产品和服务的期望提高)processanalysissupplychain(供应链流程分析)一.Thegoalofsupplychainmanagement(目标)Toreconciletheconflictbetweenthefollowingpointstomaximizetheoverallvalueofthesupplychain(调和以下几点冲突使供应链整体价值最大化)1.Minimizationofthetotalcost(总成本最低化)BenefitAntinomy(效益背反)2.Minimizethetotalinventorycost(总库存成本最小化)3.Shortenthetotalcycletime(总周期时间最短化)4.OptimizequalityofLogistics(物流质量最优化)二.Theroleofsupplychainmanagement(任务)1.Achieveagoodcombinationbetweensupplyanddemand(可实现供求的良好结合)2.Encourageenterprisestoadoptmodernmeans(可促使企业采用现代化手段)3.Reduceinventory,reducecosts(可降低库存,降低成本)4.Reducethecirculationcostseffectively(可有效地减少流通费用)三.Thebasicrequirementsofthesupplychainmanagement(基本要求)1.Sharetheinformationresources(信息资源共享)2.Improveservicequalityandexpandthecustomerneeds(提高服务质量,扩大客户需求)3.Achievewin-win(实现多赢)四、Processanalysisofthesupplychain(流程分析)1.Thecycleanalysisforthesupplychainprocess(环节法分析)①顾客订购环节CustomerOrder(cycle)(顾客抵达Customersarrive、顾客订单递交SubmitCustomerorders、顾客订单完成Completecustomerorders、顾客接收订单ReceiveCustomersorders)②补充库存环节Replenishinventory(cycle)(零售订货发起Retailerinitiatetheorder、零售订单递交Retailersubmittheorder、零售订单完成Retailerfulfilltheorder、零售订货接收Retailerreceivetheorder)③生产环节Production(cycle)(订单到达Orderarrives、生产安排Productionarrangements、运输Transportation、订货接收Ordertoreceive)④原料获取环节Obtaintherawmaterial(cycle)(基于制造商生产计划、供应商库存需要的订购Theordersbasedonmanufacturer’sproductionplanning,orinventoryneeds、供应商的生产计划Thesupplier'sproductionplan、零部件的生产运输Productionand、transportationoftheparts、制造商接收原材料Manufacturers、receivingofrawmaterials(parts))2.Thepush-pullanalysisforthesupplychainprocess(推拉法分析)①Differencesbetweenthetwomode(两者区别)Supplychainprocesscanbedividedintopushprocessandpullprocess.Inpushprocessthedemandisuncertain(forecast).Inpullprocessthedemandiscertain.供应链的流程可分为推动流程和拉动流程,其主要区别是看需求的确定性。推动型供应链的需求是不完全确定的,在执行时必须先作预测。拉动型供应链的需求是确定的,在运作时需求就是订单,其流程从响应客户订单开始②Theadaptabilityofenterprisebetweenthem(两者的企业适应性)Comparisonoftheoperationmode(运作模式比较)(1)traditionalsupplychainoperationmode(传统供应链的运作模式)①供应链上核心企业根据预测决定Determine生产产品的品种、规格specifications及数量②向供应商订购原材料及零部件Spareparts③产品制造Manufacturingproducts④向分销商、零售商分发产品。运作中核心企业起主导作用playaleadingrole。(2)pulloperationmodeinthesupplychain(拉动型供应链运作模式)①供应链上核心企业接收订单,②定义产品数据definetheproductdata并设计产品,③选择上下游Upstreamanddownstream企业组建Setup供应链,④向供应商订购原材料及零部件,⑤产品制造,⑥向分销商、零售商分发产品。③Examplesofpushandpullprocess(推拉流程举例)企业运作中,传统企业是按照市场预测来进行的,其流程是全部的推式流程。现代的新型企业在推式流程中加入了一定的拉动比例。Thestrategicmatchinsupplychain(供应链流程分析与战略匹配)一、CompetitiveStrategyandSupplyChainStrategy(竞争战略与供应链战略)1.compet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