1第五章酸碱滴定法课后作业题1.写出下列各酸的共轭碱:2HO、224HCO、24HPO、3HCO、65CHOH、653CHNH、HS、HF。解:OH、24HCO、24HPO、23CO、65CHO、652CHNH、2S、F2.写出浓度为c(mol/L)424()NHHPO溶液的(1)MBE;(2)CBE;(3)PBE。解:(1)MBE:+43NHNH2C342444HPOHPOHPOPOC-2-3-(2)CBE:++42444NHHOHHPO2HPO3PO--2-3-(3)PBE:+243434HPO2HPOHNHPOOH-3--3.写出下列物质在水溶液中的质子条件式:NH4CN、Na2CO3、NH4H2PO4、H3PO4、H2CO3。解:NH4CNPBE:3HCNHNHOHNa2CO3PBE:2332HCOHCOHOH-NH4H2PO4PBE:2334344HPOHNHHPO2POOHH3PO4PBE:232444HHPO2HPO3POOHH2CO3PBE:33HOHHCO2CO2-4.判断下列情况对测定结果的影响:(1)标定NaOH溶液的邻苯二甲酸氢钾中混有少量邻苯二甲酸。(2)用风化了的硼砂标定盐酸溶液的浓度。(3)吸收了空气中CO2的NaOH标准溶液用于测定强酸、弱酸。解:(1)COOHCOOKNaOHCOONaCOOK2HOCOOHCOOH2NaOHCOONaCOONa22HO2NaOHV,NaOHNaOHmCMV,所以NaOHC(2)247233NaBO2HCl5HO4HBO2NaClmMCVCVm2M2mCMV硼砂风化了,称得的247NaBO就多了,消耗的盐酸的体积V,所以C(3)PP指示时233NaCONaHCO,相当于2332NaOH~NaCO~NaHCO~HCl,V酸,所以CMO/MR指示时2323NaCOHCO,相当于23232NaOH~NaCO~HCO~2HCl,无影响。滴定弱酸时,终点pH7,只能选pp为指示剂,V酸,所以C6.下列各物质(浓度均为0.10/molL),哪些能用NaOH溶液直接滴定?哪些不能?如能直接滴定,应采用什么指示剂?(1)甲酸(HCOOH)Ka=1.8×10-4(2)硼酸(H3BO3)105.410aK(3)琥珀酸(H2C4H4O4)156.910aK,262.510aK解:(1)甲酸(HCOOH)Ka=1.8×10-4458KaC1.8100.101.81010所以能用NaOH溶液直接滴定。产物为0.050mol/LHCOONa。14114Kw1.010Kb5.610Ka1.810111211KbC5.6100.0502.81020KwC0.050500Kb5.610‘’116OHKbC5.6100.0501.710(molL)‘pOH5.772HOspHpKpOH14.005.778.233选酚酞或酚红。(2)硼酸(H3BO3)105.410aK10118KaC5.4100.105.41010所以不能用NaOH溶液直接滴定。(3)琥珀酸(H2C4H4O4)156.910aK,262.510aK5681KaC6.9100.106.910106782KaC2.5100.0501.251010‘54a16a2K6.91010K2.510所以能用NaOH溶液直接滴定至琥珀酸钠,浓度为0.033mol/L。149162Kw1.010Kb4.010Ka2.510910191KbC4.0100.0331.31020KwC0.033500Kb4.010””951OHKbC4.0100.0331.110(molL)”pOH4.962HOspHpKpOH14.004.969.04选酚酞。7.计算下列溶液的pH(1)0.10mol/LH3PO4(2)0.050/molLNaAc(1.56,9.23)(3)0.10mol/LKHC2O4(4)0.050/molL32NHHO+0.050/molL4NHCl(2.80,9.24)解:(1)0.10mol/LH3PO4(多元酸pH的计算)查表得:31Ka7.610,82Ka6.310,133Ka4.410341KaC7.6100.107.61020Kw862312Ka26.3104.6100.05KaC7.6100.1031C0.1013.16500Ka7.6101KaC20Kw,212Ka0.05KaC,1C500Ka431HKa(CH)7.6100.10H解得H0.024mol(/L)pH1.62(2)0.050/molLNaAc(弱碱pH的计算)查表得:5Ka1.81014105Kw1.010Kb5.610Ka1.810101110KbC5.6100.0502.81020KwC0.050500Kb5.610106OHKbC5.6100.0505.310(molL)pOH5.282HOspHpKpOH14.005.288.72(3)0.10mol/LKHC2O4(两性物质pH的计算121Ka(KaCKw)HKaC)查表得:21Ka5.910,52Ka6.410562KaC6.4100.106.41020Kw2120Ka205.9101.18C2KaC20Kw且1C20Ka,Kw可忽略,得2531221KaKaC5.9106.4100.10H1.510molKaC5.9100.10(/L)pH2.82(4)0.050/molL32NHHO+0.050/molL4NHCl(缓冲溶液pH的计算)查表得:pKa9.26Cb0.050pHpKalg9.26lg9.26Ca0.0508.计算用0.1000mol/LHCl溶液滴定0.0100mol/L247NaBO溶液至计量点时的pH。应选用哪种指示剂?(已知339.24,10aHBOK)(5.47,甲基红)解:假设有VL的247NaBO与V’L0.1000mol/LHCl反应5247233NaBO2HCl5HO4HBO2NaCl0.0100Vmol0.1000V’mol0.0400Vmol'0.100V0.01000V2'V0.200V达到计量点时为硼酸溶液,浓度为0.0400V0.033mol/LV+0.2V339.24,10aHBOK9.24119.24KaC100.0331.91020KwC0.033500Ka109.246HKaC100.0334.410(molL)pH5.36选甲基红9.称取某一元弱酸HA(纯物质)1.250g,用50ml水溶解后,可用0.0900mol/LNaOH溶液41.20ml滴定至计量点。当加入8.24mLNaOH时,溶液的pH=4.30。求:(1)HA的摩尔质量;(2)计算HA的Ka值;(3)计算计量点时溶液的pH;(4)选择哪种指示剂?(337.1,1.26×10-5,8.76,酚酞)解:(1)消耗NaOH的物质的量为:0.0900mol/L×41.20×10-3L=3.708×10-3mol2HANaOHNaAHO1.250M-33.70810mol-31.2503.70810molM解得:M337.1(2)根据“加入8.24mLNaOH时,溶液的pH=4.30”,此时溶液的pH由未被滴定的HA和已经形成的它的共轭碱NaA决定。(相当于一个缓冲溶液)333330.09008.2410Cb10pHpKalgpKalg4.30Ca0.090041.20100.09008.241010(50+8.24)(50+8.24)解得:5Ka1.2510(3)计量点时溶液为NaA,浓度为0.090041.200.0407(mol/L)50.0041.2014105Kw1.0010Kb8.0010Ka1.25106101110KbC8.00100.04073.261020KwC0.0407500Kb8.0010106OHKbC8.00100.04075.7110(molL)pOH5.2432HOspHpKpOH14.005.2438.76(4)选酚酞10.称取某磷酸盐样品(可能成分34NaPO、24NaHPO、24NaHPO)2.000g,用水溶解后,用甲基红作指示剂,用标准溶液(0.5000/)HClmolL滴定时用去32.00ml,同样质量的试样,以酚酞为指示剂,用去同浓度的HCl液12.00ml,试分析试样的组成,并计算各组分的含量。342424(163.9;142.0;120.0)NaPONaHPONaHPOMMM(34NaPO49.17%;24NaHPO28.39%)解:3340.5000mol/L1210L163.9NaPO%100%49.17%2.0003240.5000mol/L3212210L142.0NaHPO%100%28.40%2.000(样品中无24NaHPO,因为已经存在34NaPO,如果再有24NaHPO的话,二者会反应生成24NaHPO)11.有一含NaOH和Na2CO3试样0.3720g,用HCl液(0.1500mol/L)40.00ml滴定至酚酞终点,问还需再加多少毫升HCl滴定至甲基橙终点?解:设需再加入VmlHCl滴定至甲基橙终点。723323333322NaOHHClNaClHO0.1500(40V)10mol0.1500(40V)10molNaCOHClNaHCONaCl0.1500V10mol0.1500V10molNaHCOHClNaClHOCO0.1500V3310mol0.1500V10mol330.1500(40V)10400.1500V101060.3720解得:V=13.33ml13.用0.1000mol/LNaOH溶液滴定0.1000mol/LHCl溶液,计算用水为溶剂和用乙醇为溶剂时突跃范围的pH值是多少?(已知2141.010HOSK,2519.11.010CHOHSK)(4.3~9.7;4.3~14.8)解:(1)sp前0.1%,此时加入NaOH99.9%V,50.1000(V0.999V)[H]5.0010(mol/L)V0.999VpH4.3sp后0.1%,此时加入NaOH100.1%V,50.1000(1.001VV)[OH]5.0010(mol/L)1.001VVpOH4.32HOspHpKpOH14.04.39.7(2)用乙醇做溶剂时,乙醇合质子252CHOH相