12第二章正弦交流电路习题参考答案2.1把下列正弦量的时间函数用相量表示:(1)u=102sin314t伏(2)i=-5sin(314t-60º)安解:(1)U=10/0º(V)(2)mI=-5/-60º=5/180º-60º=5/120º(A)2.2已知工频正弦电压uab的最大值为311V,初相位为-60°,其有效值为多少?写出其瞬时值表达式;当t=0.0025S时,Uab的值为多少?解:∵UUababm2∴有效值2203112121UUabmab(V)瞬时值表达式为60314sin311tuab(V)当t=0.0025S时,5.80)12sin(31130025.0100sin311Uab(V)2.3用下列各式表示RC串联电路中的电压、电流,哪些是对的,哪些是错的?(1)i=Zu(2)I=CXRU(3)I=CjRU(4)I=ZU(5)U=UR+UC(6)U=RU+CU(7)I=-jCU(8)I=jCU解:在R、C串联电路中,总阻抗cjRXjRZC1而XRZC22ZUIRIURXIUCCRUUUUUUCR222所以(1)、(2)、(3)、(5)、(7)、(8)均是错的,(4)、(6)是对的。2.4图2.1中,U1=40V,U2=30V,i=10sin314tA,则U为多少?并写出其瞬时值表达式。解:由电路图可知,电压u1与电流i同方向,而电压u2超前电流i90º,所以504030222221UUU(V)∵电压u超前电流i的电度角9.3643arctanarctan21UU∴)9.364.31sin(250tu(V)2.5图2.2所示电路中,已知u=100sin(314t+30º)伏,i=22.36sin(314t+19.7º)安,13i2=10sin(314t+83.13º)安,试求:i1、Z1、Z2并说明Z1、Z2的性质,绘出相量图。解:由题知,7.19/36.22mI(A)13.83/102mI(A)30/100mU(V)所以87.6/2021mmmIII(A)即87.6314sin201ti(A)∵67.38/5067.8/230/10011mmIUZ(Ω)13.53/1013.83/1030/10022mmIUZ(Ω)∴Z1为感性负载,Z2为容性负载。2.6图2.3所示电路中,XR=XL=R,并已知电流表A1的读数为3A,试问A2和A3的读数为多少?解:由图可以看出,电容与电感并联连接,由于电容电流落后两端电压90°,而电感电流超前两端电压90°,因为XR=XL,所以通过电容的电流与通过电感的电流大小相等,方向相反,故而电流表A2的读数为0A。由上分析可知,电压u的有效值为3R,故电感两端电压亦为3R。因为XL=R,所以电流表A3的读数为3A。2.7有一R、L、C串联的交流电路,已知R=XL=XC=10Ω,I=1A,试求电压U、UR、UL、UC和电路总阻抗Z。解:10110RIUR(V)10110IXjULL(V)10110IXjUCC(V)∵10RXjXjRZCL(Ω)∴10110IZU(V)2.8电路如图2.4所示,已知ω=2rad/s,求电路的总阻抗Zab。解:∵ω=2rad/s14∴2LXL(Ω)2ω1CXC(Ω)∴jjjjjjjjjXjXjZCLab3)22)(22()22(42222422//22(Ω)2.9电路如图2.5所示,已知R=20Ω,RI=10/0ºA,XL=10Ω,1U的有效值为200V,求XC。解:由题意可知:0/20022IRU(V)CCCXjXUI90/2002(A)∴0/1090/200CRCLXIII(A)90/100180/2000)0/1090/200(10CCLLLXXjIjXU(V)10020002000/20090/100180/200021jXXUUUCCL(V)又因U1=200故有22100)2000200(200CX221002002000200CX2.1732002000CX2.1732002000CX则得:XC=5.36(Ω),或XC=74.6(Ω)2.10图2.6所示电路中,uS=10sin314tV,R1=2Ω,R2=1Ω,L=637mH,C=637μF,求电流i1,i2和电压uc。解:ω=314rad/s200106373143LXL(Ω)5106373141ω16CXC(Ω)1513.5195151000))((221jjjjXjXRjXjXRZCLCL(Ω)13.5211jZRZ(Ω)7.68/816.113.520/101jZUISmm(A)3.21/32.9)13.5(7.68/816.111jZIUmCm(V)7.68/86.153.21/32.92jjXUICCmm(A)则i1=1.816sin(314t+68.7°)(A)i2=1.86sin(314t+68.7°)(A)uc=9.32sin(314t-21.3°)(V)2.11图2.7所示电路中,已知电源电压U=12V,ω=2000rad/s,求电流I、I1。解:当ω=2000rad/时s1105.020003LXL(Ω)21025020001ω16CXC(Ω)jjjjXRjXRZCC1224)(221(Ω)21111jjZjXRZL(Ω)0/620/12ZUI(A)45/49.8)1(0/61jZIUC(V)45/25.4245/49.821RUIC(A)则I=6(A)I1=4.25(A)162.12图2.8所示电路中,已知R1=40Ω,XL=30Ω,R2=60Ω,Xc=60Ω,接至220V的电源上.试求各支路电流及总的有功功率、无功功率和功率因数。解:设0/220.U(V)则9.36/4.430400/22011jXjRUIL(A)同理45/59.260600/22022jXjRUIC(A)∵61.8/41.545/59.29.36/4.421III(A)∴18.161.8cos41.5220cosUIP(KW)2.17861.8sin41.5220sinUIQ(Var)2.13图2.9所示电路中,求:(1)AB间的等效阻抗ZAB;(2)电压相量UAF和UDF;(3)整个电路的有功功率和无功功率。解:438866)886(64jjjjjjZAB1.53/2430/10jZUIAB(A)9.36/841.53/21jjXIULAF(V)1.53/631.53/2FBFBZIU(V)1.53/161.53/6886jjUIFBFD(A)180/10)86(1.53/1)8(2jjRIUFDDF(V)∴121.53cos210cosUIP(W)161.53sin210sinUIQ(Var)2.14今有一个40W的日光灯,使用时灯管与镇流器(可近似把镇流器看作纯电感)串联在电压为220V,频率为50Hz的电源上。已知灯管工作时属于纯电阻负载,灯管两端的电压等于110V,试求镇流器上的感抗和电感。这时电路的功率因数等于多少?若将功率因数提高到0.8,问应并联多大的电容?解:∵P=40WUR=110(V)ω=314rad/s17∴36.011040RLRUPII(A)∵UUULR222∴5.1901102202222UUURL(V)∴52936.05.190IUXLLL(Ω)69.1314529XLL(H)由于灯管与镇流器是串联的,所以5.0220110cosUUR设并联电容前功率因数角为1,并联后为2,则3tan143tan2所以,若将功率因数提高到0.8,应并联的电容为58.243322031440tantan2212UPC(µF)2.15一个负载的工频电压为220V,功率为10kW,功率因数为0.6,欲将功率因数提高到0.9,试求所需并联的电容。解:当1.536.0cos11时8.259.0cos22时所以55948.033.12203141010tantan23212UPC(µF)