ITS智慧型运输系统

CALMoutline•OverviewoftheCALMConcept–WhatisCALM?•CALMServiceTypes•CALMmedia–CALMoriginateinterfaces–Protocolmanagedinterfaces–ISO15628compatibleinterfaces...•CALMnetworking•-basedonIPv6、MIPv6•CALMmanagement–CALM/ApplicationManagementEntity(CME)–NetworkManagementEntity(NME)–InterfaceManagementEntity(IME)TheCALMconcept•ThefundamentalprinciplesoftheCALMconceptispredicatedontheprincipleofmakingbestuseoftheresourcesavailableCALMoverview•ContinuousAir-interface,LongandMediumrange(CALM)•CALMisbeingdevelopedbyWorkingGroup16ofTechnicalCommittee204oftheISO•TheCALMconceptisthereforedevelopedtoprovidealayeredsolutionthatenablescontinuousorquasicontinuouscommunications–vehiclestovehicles–Vehiclestoinfrastructure–Infrastructuretoinfrastructure•TheaimofCALMistoprovidewideareacommunicationstosupportITSapplications–GSM/GPRS、3G、4G、satellite、microwave、millimeterwave、infrared、WiMAXandWi-Fi…ITS智慧型運輸系統•(ITS,IntelligentTransportationSystem)乃是應用先進的電子，通信，資訊與感測等技術，以整合人，路，車的管理策略，提供即時(real-time)的資訊而增進運輸系統的安全，效率及舒適性，同時也減少交通對環境的衝擊。•Vehicles–whichcanbelocated,identified,assessedandcontrolledusingITS•Roadusers–whoemployITS,forinstance,fornavigation,travelinformationandtheirmonitoringcapabilities•Infrastructure–forwhichITScanprovidemonitoring,detection,response,control,roadmanagementandadministrationfunctions•Communicationsnetworks–toenablewirelesstransactionsamongstvehiclesandtransportusers•CALMspecifications/standardsarenotdesigningaphysicalpieceofequipment•CALMisactuallyarelatedsetofprotocols,proceduresandmanagementprocessesCALMworkinggroups•CALMhaveeightsub-workinggroups,including16.0,16.1,16.2,16.3,16.4,16.5and16.6–SWG16.0Architecture–SWG16.1Media–SWG16.2Networking–SWG16.3ProbeData–SWG16.4ApplicationManagement–SWG16.5EmergencyCommunications–SWG16.6Non-IPNetworking–SWG16.7SecurityandLawfulInterceptGeneralStructureofCALMCALMScope•Threemainmodesofoperation:–Vehicle-Infrastructure–Vehicle-Vehicle–Infrastructure-Infrastructure•Inter-operabilityandseamlesshandoverbetweennetworksandapplications.•CALMusedIPv6exclusively.(initialspecification)CALMinamulti-platform,multimediaenvironmentCALMsafetyservice•INFRASTRUCTURE-VehicleCALMenabledSafetyServices–INFRASTRUCTUREtoONBOARDEQUIPMENT•AnimalCrossingZoneInformation-AdaptiveHeadlightAiming-BlindMergeWarning•CurveSpeedWarning-EmergencyVehicleSignalPreemption•EmergencyVehicleVideoReplay•ExternalSpeedLimitation•GPSCorrections-Highway/RailCollisionWarning-HomelandSecurityIdentificationandManagement•IncidentMappingandWarning•InfrastructureIntersectionCollisionWarning-IntelligentOn-RampMetering•IntelligentTrafficLights•IntersectionCollision:Infrastructure-BasedWarning•IntersectionCollision:Vehicle-BasedWarning–ONBOARDEQUIPMENT-to-INFRASTRUCTURE•AutomaticCrashNotification•BlindMergeWarning•eCall•IntelligentTrafficLightpre-emptionforpriorityvehicles•IntersectionCollision•Probedata•Vehicle-BasedWarning•SOSServices•Vehicle-VehicleCALMenabledSafetyServices•ApproachingEmergencyVehicleWarning•BlindMergeWarning-BlindSpotWarning-CooperativeAdaptiveCruiseControl•CooperativeCollisionWarning•CooperativeGlareReduction-CooperativeVehicle-HighwayAutomationSystem(Platooning)•CrashWarning-CurveSpeedWarning-EnhancedDifferentialGPSCorrections-HighwayMergeAssistant•Highway/RailCollisionWarning-HybridIntersectionCollisionWarning-Instant(Problem)Messaging-IntersectionCollision–Vehicle-BasedWarning•LaneChangeAssistant-LeftTurnAssistant-MergeAssistant-Pre-crashSensing•Post-CrashWarning•RightTurnAssistant•RoadFeatureNotification-SOSServices•StopSignMovementAssistant-Vehicle-basedRoadConditionWarning-Vehicle-to-VehicleRoadFeatureNotification•VehiclePlatooning•VisibilityEnhancer-Wrong-WayDriverWarningCALMCommercialServices•INFRASTRUCTURE-VehicleCALMenabledCommercialServices–INFRASTRUCTUREtoONBOARDEQUIPMENT•CommercialServicePayments•CommercialVehicleOperations•EnhancedRouteGuidanceandNavigation-GPSCorrections-Just-In-TimeRepairNotification•MapDownloadsandUpdates-OptimalSpeedAdvisory•ParkingSpaceIdentification/Navigation-GPSCorrections-Infotainment•IntelligentOn-RampMetering(roadmanagement)•IntelligentTrafficLights(roadmanagement)•Internetin-vehicle•InstantMessaging•OpenRoad(nobarrier)Tolling•VideoDownloads•Vehicle-VehicleCALMenabledCommercialServices•CrossVehicleMessaging•InvehicleInternet-RegionFeatureNotificationCALMinfrastructureTheCALMconceptatthehighestlevelofabstractionTheCALMMediaCALMcombinescomplementarymedia:Forshortandmediumdistances(directed):Infrared,MM-WaveForshortandmediumdistances:Microwave5.8GHzForlongdistances:GSM,UMTS•CALMoriginatedinterfaces–ISO21214CALMInfraRed–ISO21215CALMM5–ISO21216CALMMillimeterCALMoriginatedinterfaces•ThisclassofairinterfacehasbeenspecificallydesignedforCALM•CALMoriginatedinterfacesshouldofferthehighestperformanceinterfaceatanyparticularfrequency•5Ghz–5.8GHzDSRC(dedicatedshortrangecommunications)–TheEuropeanStandardhasbeenadoptedandisnowusedinmanycountriesincludingAustralia,severalcountriesinAsiaandSouthAmerica.•Millimeter–Frequencyrange:62-63GHz–Highdirectionality–Highdatarates–Itcan