生活垃圾焚烧处理中烟气净化系统设计

吉林师范大学环境科学与工程学院毕业设计I生活垃圾焚烧处理中烟气净化系统设计聂思（吉林师范大学环境科学与工程学院2011级1班吉林四平136000）指导老师:赵玲子摘要：生活垃圾焚烧过程中将产生大量有害气体，酸性气体、二恶英，以及大量粉尘，本设计主要是针对生活垃圾焚烧过程中排出的烟气进行除尘净化。工艺流程为：生活垃圾经过前期的破碎等处理后，进入焚烧炉，通过焚烧炉后产生的烟气进入半干式洗涤塔，在半干式洗涤塔中的物理和化学作用去除掉烟气中的酸性气体，再进去袋式除尘器进行除尘，最后剩余气体从烟囱排出。生活垃圾焚烧日益成为生活垃圾处理的主要方式，相对于将生活垃圾填埋，占地面积大，且垃圾渗滤液一旦泄漏将对人体，环境，水资源造成严重的危害。但焚烧垃圾过程中还是会产生大量的有害烟气，因此，本次设计针对生活垃圾焚烧过程中所产生的烟气设计净化系统，解决了垃圾焚烧后产生的后续污染问题。关键词：生活垃圾焚烧厂；烟气；袋式除尘器吉林师范大学环境科学与工程学院毕业论文（设计）IIWasteIncinerationFlueGasPurificationSystemDesignNieSi(Class1Grade2011inCollegeofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering,JilinNormalUniversity,JilinSiping136000)Directiveteacher:ZhaoLing-zi（TA）Abstract:alargeamountofharmfulgasgarbageincinerationprocess,acidgas,dioxin,andalotofdust,thisdesignismainlyfordomesticwasteincinerationfluegasdischargedintheprocessofdustpurification.Theprocessis:thegarbagethroughthecrushingprocess,intotheburningfurnace,fluegasproducedbyburningfurnaceafterenteringthesemidryscrubber,insemidryscrubberinphysicalandchemicaleffectsofremovingacidgasinfluegas,andthengointothedustbagdustcollector,thelastremaininggasdischargefromthechimney.Hasbecomethemainwayoflivinggarbagedisposalofgarbageincineration,relativetolandfill,coversanareaoflarge,andoncethelandfillleachatewillleaktothehumanbody,theenvironment,waterresourcescausedseriousharm.Lifewillnotonlysolvetheproblemofwasteincinerationprocessingwasteincinerationcanalsobeusedtoproduceheatforpowergeneration,reducingtheamountofcoalusedinpowersupply.Butintheprocessofwasteincinerationwillproduceharmfulgas,alargenumberoftherefore,thedesignoffluegaspurificationsystemforthedesignofgarbage吉林师范大学环境科学与工程学院毕业论文（设计）IIIincinerationprocess,subsequentincinerationtosolvepollutionproblemsafter.Keywords:solidwasteincineration;fluegas;bagtypedustcollector吉林师范大学环境科学与工程学院毕业论文（设计）IV目录1绪论........................................................................................11.1引言..............................................................................................11.2烟气的产生和组分......................................................................11.2.2粉尘....................................................................................................................11.3重金属..........................................................................................11.4二恶英等有机物..........................................................................11.5生活垃圾焚烧处理厂流程图......................................................22烟气净化工艺选择...............................................................32.1酸性气体去除工艺的选择..........................................................32.1.1干法除酸..........................................................................................................32.1.2半干法除酸......................................................................................................32.1.3湿式洗涤塔.....................................................................................................32.2除尘器的选择.............................................................................42.2.1静电除尘器......................................................................................................42.2.2袋式除尘器.....................................................................................................43主要设计参数、流程及主要设备计算...............................53.1锅炉参数......................................................................................53.2布袋除尘器入口..........................................................................53.3环境条件......................................................................................53.4设计流程图..................................................................................53.5半干式反应塔..............................................................................53.6袋式除尘器的设计计算..............................................................63.6.1设计依据标准和设计参数..........................................................................6吉林师范大学环境科学与工程学院毕业论文（设计）V3.6.2袋式除尘器的计算、选型及设计............................................................63.7烟囱的设计4.............................................................................133.7.1烟囱的高度....................................................................................................133.7.2烟囱的总压损...............................................................................................143.7.2.1烟囱总摩擦压力损失的计算..........................................................................143.8管道的布置及设计计算...........................................................153.8.1各装置及管道布置的原则........................................................................153.8.2管径的确定....................................................................................................153.9系统阻力的计算........................................................................163.9.1摩擦压力损失...............................................................................................163.9.2局部压力损失...............................................................................................163.9.3系统总阻力.................