生物专业英语词汇——词素(词根)部分一、表示数量的词素1.haplo,mono,uni:单,一,独haploid单倍体monoxide一氧化碳monoatomic单原子的2.bi,di,dipl,twi,du::二,双,两,偶biocolor双色,dichromatic双色的,diplobacillus双杆菌dikaryon双核体twin:孪生dual双重的3.tri:三,丙triangle三角triacylglycerol三酰甘油tricarboxylicacidcycle三羧酸循环4.quadri,quadru,quart,tetr,tetra:四quadrilateral四边的quadrivalent四价的quadruped四足动物tetrode四极管tetracycline四环素5.pent,penta,quique五pentose戊糖pentagon五角形pentane戊烷quintuple五倍的pentose戊糖pentomer五邻粒6.hex,hexa,sex六hexose已糖hexapod六足动物hexapoda昆虫纲hexamer六聚体7.hepta,sept(i)七heptane庚烷heptose庚糖heptoglobin七珠蛋白8.oct八octpus章鱼octagon八角形octane辛烷octase辛糖9.enne,nona九nonapeptide九肽enneahedron九面体10.deca,deka十:decapod十足目动物decahedron十面体decagram十克11.hecto,百hectometer百米hectoliter百升hectowatt百瓦12.kilo,千kilodalton(KD)千道尔顿kilobase千碱基kiloelectronvolt千电子伏特13.deci,十分之一,分decimeter分米decigram十分之一克14.centi,百分之一15.milli,千分之一,毫millimole毫摩(尔)milliliter毫升16.micro,百万分之一,微,微小,微量microgram微克microogranism微生物microecology微生态学micropipet微量移液器17.nano十亿分之一,毫微,纳nanosecond十亿分之一秒nanometer纳米18.demi,hemi,semi半demibariel半桶hemicerebrum大脑半球semiopaque半透明semi-allel半等位基因semi-conductor半导体19.holo全,整体,完全holoenzyme全酶holoprotein全蛋白holocrine全(质分)泌20.mega巨大,兆,百万megaspore大孢子,megabasse兆碱基megakaryocyte巨核细胞megavolt兆伏megalopolitan特大城市21.macro大,巨大,多macrophage巨噬细胞macrogamete大配子macroelement常量元素macromolecular大分子22.poly,multi,mult多,复合polyacrylate聚丙烯酸酯polymerase聚合酶multichain多链的multinucleate多核的multicistronicmRNA多顺反子mRNAmulticopy多拷贝二、表示颜色的词素1chrom颜色chromophore生色团chromosome染色体chromatography色谱法2melan,melano,nigr黑melanoma黑素瘤melanin黑色素melanophore黑色素细胞3xantho,flavo,fla,flavi,lute黄xanthophyl叶黄素xanthous黄色的,黄色人种xathine黄嘌呤flavin(e)黄素flavone黄酮letein黄体素,叶黄素flavinadeninedinucleotide(FAD)黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸4erythro,rub,rubrm,ruf,红erythrocyte红细胞erythromycin红霉素erythropoitin(EPO)促红细胞生成素5chloro,chlor绿,氯chlorophyll叶绿素chloride氯化物chloramphenicol氯霉素6cyan,cyano蓝,青紫色,氰cyanophyceae蓝藻纲cyanobacteria蓝细菌cyanide氰化物7aur,glid,chrys金色aureomycin金霉素chrysose金藻淀粉chrysanthemum菊花glidstone金沙石glid镀金8leu,leuco,leuk,leuko,blan,alb无色,白色leucine亮氨酸leukaemia=leucosis白血病bleachingpowder漂白粉albomycin白霉素三、表示摄食的词素1–vore食……动物,-vorous食……动物的algivore食藻动物carnivore食肉动物herbivore食草动物omnivore杂食动物2-phage吃(食)食……生物(体)-phagous吃(食)……的phage噬菌体phagocyte吞噬细胞zoophage食肉动物saprophage腐食者四表示方位和程度的词素1endo,ento,内,在内endocrine内分泌endocytosis胞吞作用endogamy近亲繁殖endolysin内溶素entoderm内胚层2ec,ect,exc,extra外,外面,表面ectoblast外胚层ectoparasite外寄生生物extract抽取,浸出3meso中,中间mesosphere中圈,中层mesoplast中胚层质4intra,intro,inter在内,向内intra-allelicinteraction等位基因内相互作用intracellular(细)胞内的interurban城市之间5centri,centro,medi,mid中心,中央,中间centrifuge离心centriole中心粒centrosome中心体centrogeng着丝基因6epi,peri上,外,旁epidermalgrowthfactor(EGF):表皮生长因子epibranchial上鳃的perilune近月点7sub,suc,suf,sug下,低,小suborder亚目submucosa粘膜下层subclone亚克隆subcellular亚细胞subsection小节,分部8super,supra上,高,超superconductor超导体superfluid超流体superoxide超氧化物supramolecular超分子的9hyper超过,过多hypersensitive过敏的hyperelastic超弹性的hypertension高血压hyperploid超倍体10hypo下,低,次hypoglycaemia低血糖hypotension低血压hypophysis脑下垂体11iso等,相同,同iso-osmotic等渗的isopod等足目动物isotope同位素12oligo,olig少,低,寡,狭oligohaline狭盐性oligogene寡基因oligomer寡聚体oligophagous寡食性oligarchy寡头政治13eury多,宽,广eurythermal广温的euryhaline广盐性eurytopicspecies广幅种14ultr超ultra-acoustics超声学ultra-structure超微结构ultroviolet紫外线15infra下,低,远infralittoral潮下带,远岸的infrahuman类人生物infrared红外线的infrastructure基础结构,基本结构五表示动物不同器官和组织的词素1cephal,capit,cran头,头颅2cyte细胞3carn,my,mya,myo,肉,肌肉4haem,haemat,hem,aem,sangul血5soma,corp体,身体6some,plast体,颗粒7hepa,hepat肝heparin肝素hepatopancreas肝胰腺hepatocyte肝细胞hepatoma肝癌8ren,nephr肾adrnal肾上腺的nephridia肾管nephron肾单位9card,cord心cardiotoxin心脏毒素cardiovascularcenter心血管中枢electrocardiogram心电图concord一致,和谐10ophthalm,ocell,ocul眼ophthalmology眼科学ophthalmia眼炎ophthalmologist眼科专家11branchi鳃filibranch丝鳃lamellibrnch瓣鳃sencondarybranchium次生鳃12brac,brachi腕,手臂brachiolaria短腕幼虫brachionectin臂粘连蛋白bracelet手镯13dent,odont牙齿dentin牙质odontphora齿舌odontoblast成牙质细胞14plum羽plumatus羽状的plumule绒毛plumage(鸟的)羽毛15foli,foil叶follicle滤泡foiling叶形foliage叶子foliose多叶的常用的前缀前缀的定义前面已经谈了,下面介绍各类常用前缀和含义,应予熟记。第一节表示无,抗,非的前缀一.a-,an-无,非。无可以进一步理解为离开,除去,脱去等1.无abacteria无菌的,atony无力,anemia贫血(无血之意)。Abiosis无生命,abraehia无臂畸形,adaerya无泪,asaetylia无指(趾)畸形,asendrie无树突的,adermotrophia皮肤萎缩(即无皮肤营养之意),adiaphoresis无汗症。2.否定asymmetercal不对称的,asynergy不协调,astnthests不连接,aststole心搏停止(心脏不收缩)。Atactic共济失调的(不协调),astnchronous不同步的,askyllabia拼音不能。3.离开aspiration吸引(即吸除之意),aberrent迷走的(即离开正常途径的)。4.An-在元音前用an-Anaerove厌氧菌,anesthesia无感觉,麻醉,analgesia无痛法,痛觉消失,anamniotic无羊膜的,anangioplasia血管发育不全,anapepsia胃蛋白酶缺乏,anaplasia发育不全,anascitia无腹水的,anastigmatic无散光的,anacholia胆汁缺乏。二,ab-去,离开,除abnormal不正常的(即背离正常的),abapical离尖的,离心尖的(尖以外的,心尖外的)。Abarticular关节外的,abaxial轴外的,离轴的,abduct外展神经,ablactation断奶(离开奶)。Abneural神经外的。三.Ant-,anti-,对抗,取消,抑制,解除antagonistic对抗的,antioxin搞毒素,antibody抗体,antigen抗原,antacid制酸剂,antipyretie解热剂,antibiotic抗菌素,antispasmin解痉剂,→antiamylase抗淀粉酶,antieoagulant抗凝的。四.De-向下,减少,降低,除去,否定,离开,解除,脱去等deacidification去酸作用,deactivation灭活性,deacylase脱酰基酶,dealclholizafion脱醇作用,deallergize脱过敏,deamination脱氨作用,deaquation脱水作用,deviate背离,decrease减少,descend下降,decimpose分解,decomprese减压,deficiencky不中,不全,缺乏,deceleration减速度,deformity畸形,变形(非正常形态之意)。Degen