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I摘要皮带配料系统是一种连续累计自动控制系统，广泛用在煤炭、化工、冶金、建材、食品等关系国计民生的各个行业，配料系统可对物料的配比实现累计量控制，而准确的累计量控制可提高产品质量，降低生产成本，提高劳动效率。首先介绍了配料系统控制器的国内外发展状况，接着对配料系统的组成结构、工作原理作了介绍。然后根据配料系统流量控制的设计要求，设计了以AT89C52单片机为主控芯片的配料系统控制器。论文分析了系统工作原理和提高调速性能的方法，研究了IGBT模块应用驱动、吸收、保护控制等关键技术。在单片机控制方面，讨论了数字触发、数字测速、数字PWM调制器、转速与电流控制器的原理,并给出了软、硬件实现方案。系统中使用了光电码盘对直流电机的转速进行测量，用电流互感器对直流电机的电流进行检测，经过滤波电路后，将测量值送到A/D转换器，并且最终作为反馈值输入到单片机进行PI运算，从而实现了对直流电机速度和电流的控制。通过实时测试与调节电动机的转速和电流，此调速系统可获得快速、精确的调速效果。关键词直流不可逆调速PWM信号数字控制器IIABSTRACTBeltbatchingsystemisacontinuoustotalizingautomaticweighinginstrument.Ithasplayedacriticalroleincoal,chemicalindustry,metallurgy,buildingmaterials,foodandothersectorsthatarecrucialtonationaleconomyandpeople'slivelihood.Thecumulativecontrolofsomemixedmaterialsbatchingisrealizedbybatchingscale.Thisaccuratecumulativecontrolcancutdownthecostofmanufacture,improvethequalityoftheproductandenhancetheefficiencyoflabor.Thepaperfirsthasanintroductiontothestatusofdevelopmentforbatchingscalecontrollerathomeandabroad,andthencomponentsandoperatingprincipleofthebatchingscale.Accordingtothedesignrequirementsforflowcontrolofabatchingscale,thispaperdesignsabatchingscalecontrollerwithAT89C52singlechipmicrocomputerasthemastercontrolchip.ThispaperanalyzestheworkingprinciplesofthesystemandsomekeytechnicalissuesoftheapplicationbasedontheIGBTapparatus,whichincludedrivecircuit,snubbedcircuit,protectionandcontrollingthequantityofheat,andsoon.Intheaspectofmicrocomputercontrol,ithasdiscussedtheprincipleofnumbertouchoff、numbervelocitytesting、current/velocitycontroller、numberPWMmodulatorandpresentsthehardwareorsoftwareschemetoachieveit.PhotoelectricencoderisusedinthissystemtomeasurethespeedofD.C.motor.TheresultofthemeasurementissenttoA/Dconverterafterpassingthefilteringcircuit,andfinallythefeedbacksingleisstoredinthesingle-chipcomputerandparticipatesinaPIcalculation.Byrealtimetestingdandyadjustingthemotor’svelocity/current,thistimingsystemcangetquickandexacttimingresult.KeywordsreversibleDCtimingsystemPulse-WidthModulationnumbercontroller.III目录摘要............................................................IABSTRACT.........................................................II目录..........................................................IIICONTENTS..........................................................V第1章绪论......................................................11.1引言......................................................11.2研究皮带配料系统的意义.....................................11.3配料系统的国内外发展现状...................................31.4配料系统的发展趋势........................................4第2章配料自动控制系统设计.......................................62.1配料自动控制系统可控直流源的选择...........................62.1.1配料自动控制系统可控直流源的方案比较.................62.1.2配料自动控制系统可控直流源的方案确定.................82.2直流调速系统PWM电路方案设计...............................82.2.1PWM变换器控制方案选择................................92.2.2PWM变换器的数学模型.................................102.3配料系统直流调速系统闭环系统方案..........................102.4配料系统自动控制系统的整体方案设计........................122.5配料系统直流调速系统设计..................................132.5.1配料系统自动控制系统性能及技术要求..................132.5.2直流电机相关参数的计算..............................142.5.3双闭环稳态工作时静特性..............................162.5.4电流调节器和转速调节器的设计........................17第3章配料系统自动控制系统硬件电路设计..........................223.1重量信号采集电路..........................................223.1.1传感器选择..........................................223.1.2重量信号的采集电路...................................233.2重量信号滤波放大电路......................................243.3A/D转换电路..............................................263.4配料系统自动控制系统的单片机系统..........................273.5皮带配料系统电机回路保护电路设计..........................293.5.1启动保护电路........................................29IV3.5.2IGBT的选择及其吸收回路设计..........................303.6直流电机电流检测电路.....................................313.7数字测速电路.............................................323.7.1M/T法测速原理......................................333.7.2数字测速硬件电路....................................343.8PWM驱动电路设计..........................................363.8.1PWM信号产生电路.....................................363.8.2PWM信号驱动电路.....................................373.9配料系统自动控制系统的键盘与显示电路......................383.9.1I/O口扩展电路......................................393.9.2配料系统自动控制系统的键盘电路设计..................393.9.3配料系统自动控制系统的显示电路设计...................413.10配料系统自动控制系统的电源系统...........................42第4章配料系统自动控制系统软件设计..............................444.1软件的主程序结构设计......................................444.2PI控制子程序设计.........................................464.3中断服务程序.............................................47第5章配料系统直流调速系统仿真..................................495.1直流双闭环调速系统的仿真模型的构建........................495.2直流双闭环调速系统的仿真结果分析..........................50总结............................................................52致谢............................................................53参考文献.........................................................54附录1软件编程..................................................56附录2系统硬件原理图............................................62VCONTENTSABST