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JaneEyre《简爱》（JaneEyre），是19世纪的英国文学名著，1847年出版，作者是英国的女作家夏洛蒂·勃朗特（CharlotteBrontë）。故事中的女主角简爱是个孤女，从小被寄养在盖茨海德庄园舅妈里德太太家，笼罩在被舅母虐待的阴影下，十岁那年被送进了罗伍德孤儿院，院长是个自私残忍的人，经历了种种折磨，她的好友海伦死于肺病；但她靠着坚强的意志完成了学业，成为一名优秀的教师，在孤儿院当了两年教师，但她受不了那里的孤寂，于是受聘于桑费尔德庄园。庄园的主人罗彻斯特是个性格阴郁而又喜怒无常的人，他和简爱经常为某种思想辩论不休，但两人却逐渐漫生情愫。有一天里德太太派人来找简爱，说她病危，要见简爱一面。见面时，里德太太给她一封信，这封信是三年前简爱的叔父寄来的，向她打听简爱的消息，并把自己的遗产交给简爱。里德太太谎称简爱在孤儿院病死了，临终前里德太太终于良心发现把真相告诉简爱。罗彻斯特向她求婚，简爱答应了，并高兴地准备婚礼，但是在婚礼上却发现罗彻斯特已经有合法妻子，而且他的妻子受过精神创伤，是一个精神病患者。简爱伤心的离开了桑费尔德庄园。她花光了所有积蓄，沿途乞讨，最后晕倒在牧师圣约翰家门前，被圣约翰和他的两个妹妹救醒。并且帮助她找到教师的工作。后来圣约翰发现简爱是他的表妹，向她求婚，但简爱没答应。简爱回到桑费尔德庄园时，整个庄园已是一片废墟。罗彻斯特为了救妻子，被烧瞎了双眼并失去了一只手，孤苦无依。简爱跟罗终于结婚，生了一个男孩，而罗彻斯特的眼睛则回复到可以见到儿子。JaneEyreisanovelbyEnglishwriterCharlotteBrontë.ItwaspublishedinLondon,England,in1847bySmith,Elder&Co.withthetitleJaneEyre.ThefirstAmericaneditionwasreleasedthefollowingyearbyHarper&BrothersofNewYork.WritingforthePenguinedition,StevieDaviesdescribesitas“influentialfeministtext”becauseofitsin-depthexplorationofastrongfemalecharacter’sfeelings.PlotintroductionJaneEyreisafirst-personnarrativeofthetitlecharacter.Thenovelgoesthroughfivedistinctstages:Jane'schildhoodatGateshead,wheresheisemotionallyandphysicallyabusedbyherauntandcousins;hereducationatLowoodSchool,wheresheacquiresfriendsandrolemodelsbutalsosuffersprivationsandoppression;hertimeasthegovernessofThornfieldHall,whereshefallsinlovewithherByronicemployer,EdwardRochester;hertimewiththeRiversfamily,duringwhichherearnestbutcoldclergymancousin,StJohnRivers,proposestoher;andthefinalewithherreunionwith,andmarriageto,herbelovedRochester.JaneEyreisdividedinto38chaptersandmosteditionsareatleast400pageslong.Theoriginalpublicationwasinthreevolumes,comprisingchapters1to15,16to26,and27to38;thiswasacommonpublishingformatduringthe19thcentury.ThemesMoralityJanerefusestobecomeMr.Rochester'sparamourbecauseofherimpassionedself-respectandmoralconviction.SherejectsSt.JohnRivers'PuritanismasmuchasthelibertineaspectsofMr.Rochester'scharacter.Instead,sheworksoutamoralityexpressedinlove,independence,andforgiveness.JanedoesnotwanttobeseenasanoutcasttosocietybybeingamistresstoRochester.FeminismTheroleandstandingofwomenintheVictorianeraisconsideredbyBrontëinJaneEyre,specificallyinregardtoJane'sindependenceandabilitytomakedecisionsforherself.Asayoungwoman,smallandofrelativelylowsocialstanding,Janeencountersmenduringherjourney,ofgood,bad,andmorallydebatablecharacter.However,manyofthem,nomattertheirultimateintentions,attempttoestablishsomeformofpowerandcontroloverJane.OneexamplecanbeseeninMr.Rochester,amanwhoardentlylovesJane,butwhofrequentlycommandsandordersJaneabout.Asaself-assuredandestablishedman,andheremployer,Mr.Rochesternaturallyassumesthepositionofthemasterintheirrelationship.HesometimesdemandsratherthanquestioningJane,triestomanipulateandassessherfeelingstowardshim,andenjoysproppingupJanethroughexcessivegiftsandluxuriesthatonlyhewouldhavebeenabletoprovide.Jane,however,believesintheimportanceofwomen'sindependence,andstrivestomaintainapositioninlifedevoidofanydebtstoothers.Herinitiallackofmoneyandsocialstatusunnervesher,assherealizesthatwithoutthemeanstobeanindependentwoman,sheisboundtoeitherstrugglethroughlifetryingtomakealivingormarryandbecomedependentonaman.EvenafterJaneagreestomarryMr.Rochester,andissweptupinthepassionofthemoment,thefeministelementsofherpersonalitystillshowthrough.Sheisuncomfortablewiththeshoweringoflavishgifts,assheresentsthattheywillmakeherfurtherreliantonandindebttoMr.Rochester,andthustriestoresistthem.Furthermore,JaneassertsthatevenaftersheismarriedtoMr.Rochester,shewillcontinuetobeAdèle'sgovernessandearnherkeep.Thisplan,whichwasentirelyradicalandunheardofforthetime,furtherillustratesJane'sdrivetoremainasomewhatindependentwoman.WhilethesignificantmenpresentinJane'slifethroughoutthenovelalltryto,insomeformoranother,establishthemselvesasdominantoverJane,sheinmostcasesremainsresistantatleasttoacertaindegree,refusingtosubmitfullyorloseallofherindependence.