搜索
1硕士学位论文二0一五年六月作者姓名指导教师学科专业控制工程电动汽车用永磁同步电机控制系统设计DesignofpermanentmagnetsynchronousmotorcontrolsystemforelectricvehicleI摘要本文在开始先介绍了研究电动汽车的背景及其意义，并介绍了电动汽车在国内外的发展现状，然后从电动汽车的燃油经济性，驱动性，安全性及舒适度，三个方面分析了电动汽车比其他燃料汽车存在的优越性。电动机是电动汽车的核心部件，本文中从其驱动方式把电动机分为四大类，直流有刷电动机，永磁同步电动机，永磁无刷直流电动机和开关磁阻电动机。本章从工作原理与性能方面分析了，这四种电动机各存在的优点和不足。从中得出永磁同步电动机是电动汽车比较理想的选择。本文刚开始介绍了永磁同步电动机PMSM的三种不同的控制方式，恒压频比控制，矢量控制，直接转矩控制，并从三者之间比较得出，PMSM采用直接转矩控制DTC的方式有着比其他两者更好的稳定性。随后从永磁同步电动机PMSM的结构及其特点，分析了其优越性，并建立数学模型，根据空间矢量坐标关系推导出PMSM的在各坐标系下DTC的原理。本章分析了定子磁链与电磁转矩的估算和滞环控制，通过其原理研究了开关表控制的方式，并对PMSM的直接转矩控制DTC的Matlab/Simulink仿真，最终得出了DTC较其它控制方式的稳定性。其次分析了永磁同步电机PMSM的直接转矩控制DTC存在的诸多缺点，并提出基于SVM技术的SVPWM的控制方式，即空间矢量调制DTC控制策略，通过Matlab/Simulink仿真，得出SVPWM比PMSMDTC有着更好的稳定性。TI公司推出的TMS320F2812DSP芯片的控制系统设计，从硬件电路的设计和软件的设计，两个方面研究了该芯片。DSP硬件方面包含了智能模块的自保护特性，并设计了检测电路，保护电路，驱动电路和CAN通信等模块，软件系统方面分析了，其初始化流程图，接收流程图等。关键词：永磁同步电机；直接转矩控制；DSP；SVPWMIIAbstractInthispaper,wefirstintroducethebackgroundandsignificanceoftheresearchofelectricvehicles,andintroducesitspresentsituationofdevelopmentathomeandabroad,andfromthefueleconomyanddriving,safetyandcomfort,threeaspectsanalysistheadvantagesofelectricvehiclesthanotherfuelvehiclesexist.Asthemotorofthecorecomponentsofelectricvehicles,fromthedrivemotorisdividedintofourcategories,DCbrushlessmotor,permanentmagnetsynchronousmotor,permanentmagnetbrushlessDCmotorandswitchedreluctancemotor.Thischapteranalyzestheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthesefourmotorintheaspectsoftheworkingprincipleandperformance..ItisconcludedthatthepermanentmagnetsynchronousmotorPMSMasthecorecomponentofelectricvehicle,istheidealchoiceofthemotorvehicle..Inthischapter,threedifferentcontrolmodes,constantfrequencyratiocontrol,vectorcontrolanddirecttorquecontrolofPMSMareintroduced..Andthecomparisonbetweenthethree,thedirecttorquecontrolDTChasbetterthantheothertwo.Then,thestructureandcharacteristicsofPMSMareanalyzed,andtheadvantagesofPMSMPMSMareanalyzed,anditsmathematicalmodelisestablished..Accordingtothespacevectorcoordinate,themathematicalmodelofPMSMisdeducedandtheprincipleofDTCisanalyzed..Inthischapter,thestatorfluxlinkageandthemagnetictorqueestimationandthehysteresiscontrolareanalyzed,andtheresearchmethodsoftheswitchingtablecontrolarestudiedbytheprinciple..TheMatlab/SimulinksimulationofthedirecttorquecontrolDTCofPMSMisdemonstrated,andtheadvantagesoftheDTCcontrolmodestabilityareproved..Secondly,thedisadvantagesofthePMSMdirecttorquecontrolDTC,thefluxlinkage,thelargetorqueripple,andthepoorperformanceofthecontrolsystemareanalyzed..ThecontrolmodeofSVPWMbasedonSVMtechnologyisproposed,thatis,therealizationofthespacevectormodulationDTCcontrolstrategy..ThroughthesimulationofMatlab/Simulink,SVPWMhasbetterstabilitythanPMSM-DTC.Atlast,thedesignofthecontrolsystemofDSPTIchipisintroduced,andthedesignofthehardwarecircuitandthedesignofthesoftwarepartarestudied.Thechipisdescribedintwoaspects..DSPhardwareincludestheself-protectionofthesmartmodule,andthedetectioncircuit,protectioncircuit,drivercircuitandCANcommunicationmodule.Thesoftwaresystemanalysis,anditsinitializationflowchart,receivingflowchartandsoonmanyparts.KeyWords：permanentmagnetsynchronousmotor;directtorquecontrol；DSP；SVPWM目录摘要.........................................................................................................................................I1.绪论...........................................................................................................................................11.1论文的研究背景和意义..................................................................................................11.2电动汽车国内外发展现状..............................................................................................21.2.1电动汽车国外发展状况...............................................................................21.2.2电动汽车国内发展现状...............................................................................31.3电动汽车优越性..............................................................................................................41.3.1提高燃油经济性............................................................................................41.3.2提高驱动性.....................................................................................................41.3.3提高安全性和舒适度....................................................................................41.4驱动电动机的工作原理与性能比较..............................................................................51.4.1直流有刷电动机............................................................................................51.4.2永磁同步电动机............................................................................................51.4.3永磁无刷直流电动机....................................................................................61.4.4开关磁阻电动机............................................................................................61.5永磁同步电动机的多种控制策略..................................................................................61.5.1恒压频比控制.................................................................................................61.5.2矢量控制..........