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1.Beowulf:nationalepicoftheEnglishpeople;Denmarkstory;alliteration,metaphorsandunderstatements.2.Romance（名词解释）astoryofadventure--fictitious,frequentlymarvelousorsupernatural--inverseorprose.3，Ballad民谣（名词解释）PopularBallads大众民谣：astoryholdin4-linestanzaswithsecondandfourthlinerhymed(笔记)Balladsareanonymousnarrativesongsthathavebeenpreservedbyoraltransmission(书上).4，4，Heroiccouplet(名词解释)heroiccouplet英雄双韵体：averseunitconsistingoftworhymed(押韵)linesiniambicpentameter(五步抑扬格)5.Renaissance（名词解释）Renaissance:theactivity,spirit,ortimeofthegreatrevivalofart,literature,andlearninginEuropebeginninginthe14thcenturyandextendingtothe17thcentury,markingthetransitionfromthemedievaltothemodernworld.555humanism人文主义：admirehumanbeautyandhumanachievement556TheEnlightenmentwasanexpressionofstruggleofthethenprogressiveclassofbourgeoisieagainstfeudalism6，.Sonnet（名词解释）Thesonnetisapoemin14lineswithoneortheotherrhymeschme,aformmuchinvogueinRenaissanceEurope,expeciallyinItaly,FranceandEngland.7，Blankverse（名词解释）:writteninunrhymediambicpentameter.8，SpenserianStanza（名词解释）StanzaformdevelopedbyEdmundSpenserandalmostcertainlyinfluencedbyrhymeroyalandottavarima.Spenser'sstanzahasninelinesandisrhymeda-b-a-b-b-c-b-c-c.Thefirsteightlinesofthestanzaareiniambicpentameterandthelastlineiniambichexameter.HeusedthisforminhisepicpoemTheFaerieQueene.JohnKeats,agreatadmirerofSpenser,usedthisstanzainhispoemTheEveofSt.Agnes.,9Enlightenment(1650-1800)（名词解释）Arevivalofinterestintheoldclassicalworks,order,logic,restrainedemotion(抑制情感)andaccuracyIndividualism--emphasizedtheimportanceoftheindividualandhisinbornrightsRationalism--theconvictionthatwiththepowerofreason,humanscouldarriveattruthandimprovetheworld.Relativism--wastheconceptthatdifferentcultures,beliefs,ideas,andvaluesystemshadequalmerit.Gothicnovel(哥特式小说)：mystery,horror,castles(frommiddleparttotheendofcentury)10，Classicism（名词解释）Inthearts,historicaltraditionoraestheticattitudesbasedontheartofGreeceandRomeinantiquity.Inthecontextofthetradition,Classicismreferseithertotheartproducedinantiquityortolaterartinspiredbythatofantiquity;Neoclassicismalwaysreferstotheartproducedlaterbutinspiredbyantiquity.11Sentimentalism（名词解释）Sentimentalism感伤主义nobelief没有信仰Therepresentativesofsentimentalismcontinuedtostruggleagainstfeudalismbuttheyvaguelysensedatthesametimethecontradictionsofbourgeoisprogressthatbroughtwithitenslavementandruintothepeople.12GraveyardSchool/Poets:Atermappliedtoeighteenth-centurypoetswhowrotemeditativepoems,usuallysetinagraveyard,onthethemeofhumanmortality,inmoodswhichrangefromelegiacpensivenesstoprofoundgloom.13Romanticism14LakePoets（名词解释）TheLakePoetsalllivedintheLakeDistrictofEnglandattheturnofthenineteenthcentury.15Aestheticism唯美主义（名词解释）TheAestheticMovementisalooselydefinedmovementinliterature,fineart,thedecorativearts,andinteriordesigninlaternineteenth-centuryBritain.ItrepresentsthesametendenciesthatsymbolismordecadencestoodforinFranceandmaybeconsideredtheBritishbranchofthesamemovement.Itbelongstotheanti-Victorianreactionandhadpost-Romanticroots,andassuchanticipatesmodernism.IttookplaceinthelateVictorianperiodfromaround1868to1901,andisgenerallyconsideredtohaveendedwiththetrialofOscarWilde.16Stream-of-consciousness（名词解释）The“streamofconsciousness”isapsychologicaltermindicating“thefluxofconsciousandsubconsciousthoughtsandimpressionsmovinginthemindatanygiventimeindependentlyoftheperson’swill”.