英国文学史及选读复习资料整理

OldEnglishPeriod—Anglo-SaxonPeriod(450-1066)1.TheHistory•From55BCto410AD,theRomansconqueredthelandandtransplanteditscivilization.2.TheLiteratureTwodivisions:Pagan&ChristianPaganTheSeafarer水手;TheFightatFinnisburg芬尼斯郡之战;TheWanderer流浪者;Waldhere瓦登希尔;TheBattleofMaldom马尔登战役Widsith(威德西斯);ThecomplaintofDeor迪奥的抱怨•Thewife’sLament妻子的哀歌;Ruin毁灭aregoodexamples.Beowulf,England’snationalepic.WritingfeaturesnotaChristianbutapaganpoemofalladvancedpagancivilization,Theuseofthestrongstressandthepredominanceofconsonantsareverynotableinthispoem.Eachlineisdividedintotwohalves,andeachhalfhastwoheavystressesTheuseofalliterationisanothernotablefeatureandmakesthestressesmoreemphatic.TherearealotofmetaphorsandunderstatementsinthispoemAnglo-NormanPeriod(1066-1350)Theliterature•TheGrowthoftheArthurianLegends•ThelegendsofKingArthurandhisknightshadexistedasanoraltraditionsincethetimeoftheCelts.•JohnWycliffe(1320-1384)•thefirstmanwhoattemptedtotranslatetheBiblefromsonorousLatinintoEnglish.•ChansondeRoland罗兰之歌WilliamLanglandSirGawainandtheGreenKnightGeoffreyChaucer(1340-1400)Chaucer’scontributiontoEnglishLiteratureandLanguagethe“fatherofEnglishpoetry”thefirstmostsignificantpoetinEnglishliteraryhistorytowriteinMiddleEnglishthe“heroiccouplet”didmuchinmakingthedialectofLondonthefoundationforthemodernEnglishlanguagePopularBallads大众民谣代表人物：BishopThomasPercy托马斯.帕希主教代表作：RobinHoodandAllin-a-Dale罗宾汉和阿林代尔TheRenaissanceThePre-ElizabathanPeriod(1400-1557)ThomasMore托马斯.莫尔Utopia乌托邦TheElizabethanAgeEdmundSpenser(1552-1599)•TheShepheardesCalendar；TheFaerieQueenePhilipSidney•Arcadia；AstrophelandStellaChristopherMarloweblankverse•TamburlainetheGreat；TheJewofMalta；TheTragicalHistoryofDoctorFaustus•WilliamShakespeareThemostpopularandthemostwidelyrespectedwriterinallEnglishliteratureComedies:AMidsummerNight’sDream,TheMerchantofVenice,AsYouLikeIt,TwelfthNight.Tragedies:Hamlet,Othello,KingLear,andMacbeth.Sonnet:a“physical”poet；154innumber1-126addressestoayoungman127-152toamysterious“DarkLady153-154aretranslationoradaptationsofsomeGreekepigram.OfstudiesInwhatsensedoesreadingmakeafullman?Studiesservefordelight,forornament,andforabilities.Butthegeneralcounsels,andtheplotsandmarshalingofaffairs,comebestfromthosethatarelearned.Studiesperfectnature,andisperfectedbyexperience.Thereisnostondorimpedimentinthewitbutmaybewroughtoutbyfitstudies.Studiescantrain(shape)aperson’scharacterandmakeupaperson’sdeficiencies.EverydefectofthemindmayhaveaspecialreceiptThe17thCenturyABriefIntroductionofthe17thcenturyThecontradictionsbetweenthefeudalsystemandbourgeoisieJamesI：1603-1625politicalandreligioustyrannyCharlesI:1625-1649OliverCromwell:commonwealthprotector:1653-1658CharlesII:1660-1688theRestorationJamesII：1685-1688WilliamofOranges:1688-1702“GloriousRevolution”TheBillofRights权利法案：1689JohnDonne代表作：TheFleaMetaphysicalPoetryHolySonnet10SongAValediction:ForbiddingMourning别离辞：节哀JohnMiltontheearlyphaseofreadingandlyricwritingthemiddlephaseofserviceinthePuritanRevolutionandthepamphleteeringforitthelast---thegreatest---phaseofepicwritingParadiseLost---thegreatepicParadiseRegained；SamsonAgonistesJohnBunyanThePilgrim’sProgress（essay）The18th-centuryLiteratureTheRiseofEnglishNovelsThehistoricalbackgroundComparingwiththe17thcentury,the18thcenturyisaperiodforpeacefuldevelopment.Theconstitutionalmonarchyhasbeensetupbyparliamentin1688.Englandgrewfromasecondratecountrytoapowerfulnavalcountryinthiscentury.Withtheascentofthebourgeoisieculturallifehadundergoneremarkablechanges.TheriseoftheEnglishnovel.代表作：DanielDefoeRobinsonCrusoeJonathanSwiftTheBattleoftheBooks;《书籍之战》TheTaleofaTub;《一只桶的故事》TheDrapier’sLetter;《布商来信》AModestProposal;《一个温和的建议》JournaltoStella;《给斯黛拉的日记》Gulliver’sTravel.《格列夫游记》SatiricalfeaturesSwiftofferedanopportunityofself-scrutiny.（自我审视）TheLilliputians（小人国居民）andtheirinstitutionswereallaboutpeopleandtheirinstitutionsofEngland.TheBrobdingnagianswereincredibleUtopians.Thescientistsandphilosophersrepresentedtheextremesoffutiletheorizingandspeculationsinallareasofactivitysuchasscience,politics,andeconomicswiththeirinstinct-killingtendencies.ThepictureoftheYahoosmadeaclearstatementaboutmanandhisnature.HenryFieldingTomJohnsonSocialsignificanceThewritershowshisstronghatredforallthehypocrisyandtreacheryinthesocietyofhisageandhissympathyforthecourageousyoungrebelsintheirrighteousstruggleThe18th-centuryLiterature(II)TheAgeofEnlightenmentinEnglandTherapiddevelopmentofsociallife•Ontheeconomicscene,thecountrybecameincreasinglyaffluent.•Onthepoliticalscene,afragileofbalancebetweenthemonarchandthemiddleclassexisted.•Onthereligiousscene,deismcameintoexistence代表ThomasGrayElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyardamasterpieceoflyricTheme:asentimentalmeditationuponlifeanddeath,esp.ofthecommonruralpeople,whoselife,thoughsimpleandcrude,hasbeenfullofrealhappinessandmeaningPoeticpattern:quatrainsofiambicpentameterlinesrhymingABABMood:melancholy,calm,meditativeStyle:neoclassic---vividvisualpainting,---musical/rhythmic,---controlledandrestrained,---polishedlanguageSection1Itsetsthesceneforth