英语音标及字母组合对照

英语国际音标表（48个）元音（20个）短元音[əe][e][i][כ][۸][u][ə]长元音[i:][כ:][a:][u:][ə:]双元音[ei][ai][əu][au][כi][iə][eə][uə]辅音（28个）轻辅音[p][t][k][f][θ][s]浊辅音[b][d][g][v][ð][z]轻辅音[ʃ][h][ts][tʃ][tr]浊辅音[ʒ][r][dz][dʒ][dr]鼻音[m][n][ŋ]半元音[j][w]边音[ǀ]新新新旧旧旧英英英语语语国国国际际际音音音标标标对对对照照照表表表Vowels元音新i:ІeæЗ:əΛu:ʊɔ:旧i:ieæə:əΛu:uɔ:新ɒɑ:eIaIɔIəʊaʊIəeəʊə旧ɔɑ:eiaiɔiəuauiəεəuəConsonants辅音无变化pbtdkgfvszϑðmnŋlrhwj∫ʒt∫dʒtrdrtsdz英语音标及字母组合对照序号音标字母例词元音（20个）1[i:]eethreetreegreensheepmeetbeefseeseekeaeatteameatleaveleadteacherteammeanspeakcleanpleaseeheshemeiepieceeireceiveceiling2[I]isitpictureitislistsixmixfixfitpigbigbuildmissymythmanytwentyhappydictionaryeDefectdecideuiua3[æ]abaghandandanthappyhatmapmadbadblackbackgladflagshallman4[e]eaheadbreadpleasureeelephantelectricremembersellshelllessonbetterbeddeskhotelyesamanyany5[ε:]irgirlshirtskirtthirtythirteenthirdbirdurturnburnmurdernurseturtleThursdayburgerearlearnearnearthheardertermhernerdserveorworkwormworkworld6[ε]erteacherleaderrememberplayerspeakerfarmerpowderordoctoractormayorauthortractoroudeliciousgraciouspleasurearfamiliarcollardollarotogethertomorrowtodayshalloplessonWashingtoncontrolpoliteaaroundaccountagoelephantmantabananaCanadaJapanchinaemenlistenufamulusSaturday7[a:]arcarfarmcardarmgardenafastclasslastglassplantauntcalm8[ʌ]uupsupperlunchfungunhuntcupbusocomemotherdosebrotherloveaboveoutroubleroughflourishoobloodflood9[ɔ:]alsmallwalltalktallhallballcallwalkorshortmorelordhorseforfortysportdoorfloorstoreauauthorcaughtautumnourfourmourncourtboughtarwarmquarrelquarter10[ɔ]([ɒ])ohotlostlotfoxboxmophoplosscollarnotawantwashwatchou11[u:]oofoodmoonroomgloombroomdoomgoosetoothoshoedotwoutruetruthbluefullprude12[u]oolookgoodfootbookwoodoushouldcoulduputfullbullpullpushowomanwolf13[ei]anamecakelategateplaneAprilayplaysaymaywayeagreatbreakairainpaintplaineytheygrey14[ai]ibikefinefinddieninelightnighthighymytryflyeye15[au]ouhouseoutflourgroundaccountcountsoundloudaroundmouseowflowerdownnowcowhowtown16[εu]ohomecoldgonophonehostghostowknowlowbelowgrowblowshowflowoaboatcoatgoal17[ɔɪ]oyboytoyjoyoioilsoilvoicechoice18[iε]eerbeerdeerearearnearherefierceidea19[ɛə]earpearbearairchairairfaireretherewherecare20[uε][auə]ourhourtourowerflowershower辅音1[p]ppotpigputpeoplepiano2[b]bbookbagbigjobbearbut3[t]ttoothteacherteatabletask4[d]ddogdigduckdaddouble5[k]kkeepcakeccakecatcupcapcksocks6[g]ggrandpagirlgreengoodgod7[f]ffatherfatfootfullfit8[v]Vfiveveryventdrivevary9[s]Ssmallstudybusyesmust10[z]Zjazzzoozeroclotheszig11[θ]theighthforthtentheleventhninth12[δ]ththosethesethatthisthere13[ʃ]shcashbushshakeshoeship14[ʒ]suremeasurepleasureleisure15[tʃ]thchairchickenlunchchange16[dʒ]jjackjob17[tr]trtreetrucktrain18[dr]drdressdrinkdrain19[ts]tsstudentscoatscats20[dz]dsbedsoddscodes21[m]mmummoonmorning22[n]nmoonnutneedle23[ŋ]nginklinkring24[h]hhellohurryhey25[l]llookleglake26[r]rrainradioroom27[w]wwindowwakeweek28[j]yyellowyesyoux光透视，含有“克斯”音，英语[ks][ks][ks]。qu[kw]字母c在ce，ci，cy字母组合中，读[s]，其他情况读[s]元音发音规则表：1.单元音[i:]seemebesheneedreadmealeatseatdeepkeep开音节中的e[i:]mebesheee[i:]seesleepdeepfeetneedea[i:]readeatmealseat2.单元音[i]initisfitpinbitkisssickmissfishrichlid闭音节中的i[i]if,his,film(闭音节指以辅音结尾的音节)闭音节中的y[i]sympathy,syllable,system,gym位于词尾的y[i]city,pity,willingly,possibility3.单元音[e]getletbedpenbestrestwetneverbetterbest闭音节中的e[e]bed,peg,set,tellea[e]dead,heaven,feather4.单元音[əe]hatcatratcapmapfatmanthankstampfact闭音节中的a[əe]bad,lad,rat,cab5.单元音[a:]heartarmdarnfarmcartfastcardarkbarnpassar[a:]arm,ark,lard,dark,car,card,hard,harm6.单元音[כ]lotgotjobshopsoftsongtophotboxpotlock闭音节中的o[כ]hot,got,not,lost,on,soft7.[כ:]tallfallwallPaulMaudwalkcallyawnthoughtor[כ:]or,sport,bored,horse,more,beforea(+ll或lk)[כ:]all,fall,talk,walkaw[כ:]law,paw,draw,flaw,claw8.单元音[u]cookbooklookputgoodfullfootwouldu[u]put,full,pull,push,sugar,cushionoo[u]good,took,wood,wool,stood,bedroomou[u]could,would,should9.单元音[u:]toosoonrulebootfoolschoolsoupcoollosenewoo[u:]fool,booth,room,foodou[u:]soup,you,groupo[u:]do,to,who10.[۸]cupbusgunhutsungducklungluckcutstuck闭音节中的u[۸]but,hunt,sun,duck,luck闭音节中的o[۸]son,once,colour,other,moneyou[۸]rough,enough,touch,cousin,young11.单元音[ə:]shirthuntburngirlbirdnurseworkwormcurseer[ə:]herd,verb,mercyir[ə:]thirty,shirt,third,firur[ə:]turn,church,burn,nurse,curseor[ə:]word,work,world,worseear[ə:]heard,earth,search12.单元音[ə]agoaboutasleepaboveagainamongmotherbrother许多元音在非重读章节中读成[ə]，所以[ə]的拼写形式多种多样。如：about,sofa,doctor,colour,figure13.双元音[ei]Maypaywaydaysamehaygreatgainpainspadea[ei]save,face,paleay[ei]day,pay,mayai[ei]wait,fail,straitea[ei]break,great14.双元音[əu]nogosoholehoperoadhomeslowloadfoesoulo[əu]go,hello,no,open,over,joking,Octoberoa[əu]coat,soap,boat,road,coastow[əu]snow,throw,blow,show,know,window15.双元音[ai]byelietryeyecrydiemyfivetimeminelike开音节中的i[ai]time,crime,rite,fineigh[ai]high,might,night,light,brighty[ai]cry,my,sky,fly,July,replyie[ai]eye,dye,bye16.双元音[au]hownowcowoutmousedownhousebrownfoundou[au]about,around,found,sound,mouseow[au]down,crowd,town,brown,now,how17.双元音[כi]boyjoytoyvoicenoisejoincoinoilsoiltoiloi[כi]oil,boil,join,coin,spoilt,voice,cho