英语写作-头脑风暴-Brainstorming

BrainstormingReferences©2005byCharlesYangGettingIdeasBeforeYouWriteIntroductionGettingStarted“Writer’sblock”isacommonproblemtomanystudents.Thisiswhenideasforwritingdonotcomeveryeasily.Itiseasytogetveryfrustratedwhenbeginningtowrite.Brainstormingactivitiescanhelpyougetideasforyouressayandhelpyoubecomelessfrustrated.ClusteringBrainstormingListingFreewritingThreeActivitiesBrainstormingClustering1.Startwiththemaintopicofyouressay.Writethatwordinthecenterofyourpaper.2.Writedownanysub-topicsthatareconnectedtothatmaintopic.Drawarrowstothesub-topicsfromthemaintopic.SanFranciscoChinatownFisherman’sWharfGoldenGateBridgeAlcatrazMuseumsTransportationClusteringListingFreewritingBrainstormingClustering3.Ifyouhavenewideas,connectthosewordstotheappropriatesub-topic.SanFranciscoChinatownFisherman’sWharfAlcatrazMuseumsTransportationGoldenGateBridgeAmericanLegionModernArtMuseumAsianArtMuseumClamChowderShipsboatsCableCarBusBARTRestaurantsStoresTheatersOldMilitaryPrisonCivilianPrison1934-1963FamousPrisonersCompleted1937ScenicViewClusteringListingFreewritingClusteringExample#1FavoriteRoomQuietBedroomBigClosetComfortableFurnitureWindowsSunnyViewofSkyViewofTreesSoftBedRockingChairYellowGood-SizedClusteringListingFreewritingClusteringExample#2MyMotherLikedSportsVeryReligiousALeaderIntelligentHardWorkerHousewifeWaitressCleanedHousesReadmanybooksHadmanydifferentinterestsWenttochurchTaughtSundaySchoolGavetocharityAfter-SchoolClubCoordinatorPresidentofPTAVolleyballSoccerClusteringListingFreewritingBrainstormingListing1.Startwiththemaintopicofyouressay.Writethatwordorwordsatthetopofyourpaper.WhyIWanttoBecomeaNurseClusteringListingFreewriting2.Writedownanywordorphrasethatmightrelatetoyourmaintopicunderneath.Don’tworryaboutspellingorgrammar.Yourgoalistowritedownasmanyideasasquicklyaspossible.BrainstormingListingWhyIWanttoBecomeaNurseLikescienceLikeproblemsolvingManyjobsavailableinnursingGoodsalaryLikeworkinginahospitalWanttohelpotherpeopleChallengingjobOpportunitiesforpromotionInterestedinstudyofdiseasesInterestedinstudyofhumanbodyFlexiblehoursWillalwayslearnsomethingnewClusteringListingFreewritingListingExample#1HowtobeaSuccessfulLanguageLearner•Practicespeakingwithothers•Takeclasses•Guessatthemeaningsofwords•ListentoradioorTV•Observeothers•Setreasonablegoals•Don’tbeafraidtoexperiment•Studyvocabularyinrelatedtopics•Askotherstocorrectyou•Lookforpatternsinyourerrors•Organizeyourstudytime•Usespecialtechniquestoremembernewwords•Askforhelpwhenyoudon’tunderstand•Reviewmaterialregularly•Useadictionary•ChooseagoodtextbookClusteringListingFreewritingListingExample#2Cambodia•MajorCities:Battambang,PhnomPenh•AngkorWat•BordersVietnam,Laos,Thailand•MekongandTonleSapRivers•OnceaFrenchcolony•TuolSlengPrison•Agriculture:rice,rubber,fish,timber•Cambodianwriting:originallyfromIndia•Artfuldances•TheravadaBuddhism•KingSihanouk•PolPot/KhmerRouge•Weather:hotandrainy•MinorityGroups:Cham,Pear,Brao•Landmines•EducationClusteringListingFreewritingBrainstormingFreewriting1.Startwiththemaintopicofyouressay.Writethatwordorwordsatthetopofyourpaper.2.Freewritingisliketalkingtoyourselfonpaper.Writeasmuchasyoucaninconnectedsentences(notlists)aboutyourtopic.Writeasquicklyasyoucanwithoutstoppingtothinkaboutgrammarororganization.ClusteringListingFreewritingMyFavoriteBookBrainstormingFreewritingMyFavoriteBookMyfavoritebook…Idon’tknowwheretostart.Ireadsomanybooksthatareinterestingthatit’shardtochoosejustone.IguessIcouldstartbytalkingaboutthekindsofbooksIreallylike.Ilikebiographiesandautobiographiesthebest.Ireallyenjoyreadingaboutanotherperson’slife.OneofmyfavoritebooksiscalledRootsbyAlexHaley.HowtheauthorwasabletotracehisfamilyhistoryallthewaybacktoAfricawasamazing!AnotherbookIreallyenjoyedwasCarlSandburg’sbiographyofAbrahamLincoln.Whatanincrediblepresident!TherearealsosomeveryinterestingbooksaboutleaderslikeNapoleon,Churchill,andStalin.Well,IguessthatgivesmeafewideasaboutwhereIcanstartonmytopic.ClusteringListingFreewritingFreewritingExample#1AProblemIHaveIhaveofcoursemanyproblemsinmylifelikeeverybodyhas,butrightnowIamfeelingnewproblemsliketheculturalshock.IgotoutofmycountryandcametostudyintheU.S.A.Oneofthebiggestproblemsistomakefriends,tomakeorhavethegoodoldfriendsIhavebackhome.It’ssohardhere-youdon’tknowhowtoact,whetheryoushouldaskthemtheirtelephonenumberorwaitforthemtodoit,whetheryoushouldcallthemveryoftenornot.Aretheybotheredbymylanguageproblem?CantheynotcarryonaconversationwithmebecausetheyalwaystalkaboutlocalornationalsubjectsaboutwhichIamnotinformed?Thisisreallyhardandsometimesmakesmefeellikeastrangerinagroupwhereeverybodyislaughingandtalkingandtheysupposedlyweremyfriends.(Spack,R.,1996)ClusteringListingFreewritingFreewritingExample#2ThingsIBroughttotheU.S.IhavebeenlivingintheU.S.A.foraboutfouryears.WhenIcamhere,Ibroughtwithmeafewbooks,myfavoriteT-shirts,andalittlehand-madepillowfrommymother.AmongsomeofthebooksIbroughtwithmeisonecalledTheLittlePrince.Itisaveryinterestingbook.EverytimeIreadit,IfindnewanddifferentideasthatIcanpracticeinmylife.Someofmyfavori