搜索
II火电厂二氧化碳分离及利用的研究摘要随着人类碳排放的日益增多，由此引起的温室效应也在影响着地球的生态环境和人们的生活。燃煤电厂是二氧化碳排放大户，约占二氧化碳总排放量的三分之一。缩减燃煤电厂二氧化碳排放就成为了控制我国碳排放总量的重点。本文主要介绍了燃烧前捕集、燃烧后捕集、富氧燃烧等现阶段电厂捕集二氧化碳的主要路线和基于燃烧后捕集路线的主要方法，如吸收法、吸附法等。本文对广泛使用的MEA一乙醇胺吸收法和新型喷氨法的优缺点做了分析比较，确定了氨水喷淋法具有多种优势。针对华能营口电厂600MW超超临界机组,根据所提送的锅炉参数、煤粉参数、烟气参数选择了喷氨法脱除烟气中二氧化碳的工艺,完成了烟气脱碳系统装置流程的总体设计，叙述了烟气系统、贫富液系统、再生气分离系统、吸收剂补给系统、吸收再生系统等主要部分作用,对烟气脱碳系统进行了物料平衡计算,并选择确定了喷淋塔的塔高、直径、烟道尺寸以及塔内的部分辅助设备类型，如吸收塔型、喷嘴类型、除雾器类型等。此外，在二氧化碳处理方面本文提出了一种基于微藻的新型二氧化碳固定方法，此方法相比其他传统固碳方法具有环保、经济、彻底、符合自然界循环的独特优势，可广泛推广。并对地质封存、海洋封存等其他二氧化碳固定和利用方法作了简要介绍。本文表明，氨水喷淋法作为新型的烟气二氧化碳分离方法具有进一步研究的价值和意义。关键词：电厂烟气；二氧化碳；氨水；喷淋法IIStudyoncarbondioxideseparationandutilizationoffossilpowerplantAbstractWiththeincreasingcarbonemissions,thegreenhouseeffectisalsoaffectingtheecologicalenvironmentandpeople'slife.Coalpowerplantisthecarbondioxideemissions,about1/3oftotalcarbondioxideemissions.ReducingcarbondioxideemissionsofcoalpowerplanthasbecomethefocusofcarbonemissionsinChina.Thispapermainlydescribestheprecombustioncapture,combustioncapture,oxygenenrichedcombustionstagepowerplantstocaptureCO2mainlineandbasedonpostcombustioncapturelinethemainmethods.Inthispaper,wecomparedtheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofMEAmethodandanewammoniaspraymethod.ForHuanengYingkouPowerPlant600MWultrasupercriticalunits,onthebasisofthesenttotheboilerparameters,parametersofpulverizedcoalandfluegasparameterschoiceprocessforcarbondioxideremovalfromfluegaswithammoniamethodofspray,completedthefluegasdecarbonizationsystemprocessdesign,describesthefluegassystem,leanandrichliquidsystem,angryseparationsystemandtheabsorbentsupplyingsystem,absorptionregenerationsystemisthemainpart,onfluegasdecarbonizationsystemofmaterialbalancecalculation,andselectOKtothespraytowerofheight,diameter,fluesizeandtower,partoftheauxiliaryequipmenttype,suchasabsorptiontowertype,nozzletype,withtheexceptionofmisttype.Inaddition,inthecarbondioxidetreatment,thispaperputforwardabasedonmicroalgaenovelcarbondioxidefixationmethod,thismethodcomparedtoothertraditionalcarbonsequestrationmethodwithenvironmental,economic,andthoroughly,inlinewiththeuniqueadvantageofthenaturalcycle,widely.Andtheothercarbondioxidefixationandutilizationofcarbondioxide,suchasgeologicalIIIstorageandmarinesequestration,isbrieflyintroduced.Thispapershowsthatammoniaspraymethodasanewmethodofcarbondioxideseparationoffluegashasthevalueandsignificanceoffurtherstudy.Keywords:Powerplantfluegas;carbondioxide;ammonia;spraymethod目录摘要..............................................................................................................................................IAbstract............................................................................................................................................II1.绪论...........................................................................................................................................11.1全球气候变化与碳的减排.................................................................................................11.2火电厂二氧化碳捕集技术的重要性.................................................................................21.3二氧化碳捕集路线概述.....................................................................................................31.3.1燃烧后脱碳技术....................................................................................................31.3.2燃烧前脱碳技术......................................................................................................41.3.3富氧燃烧技术..........................................................................................................41.3.4化学链燃烧技术......................................................................................................51.4本文主要内容.....................................................................................................................52.烟气二氧化碳分离技术............................................................................................................62.1溶剂吸收法.........................................................................................................................62.1.1物理吸收法..............................................................................................................62.1.2化学吸收法..............................................................................................................62.2变压吸附法.........................................................................................................................72.3膜分离法.............................................................................................................................82.4低温分离法.........................................................................................................................82.5氧气/二氧化碳循环燃烧法................................................................................................93.火电厂二氧化碳分离装置的设计..........................................................................................103.1醇胺法和氨法捕集二氧化碳的机理...............................................................................103.1.1醇胺法的常用溶剂.............