中国交通流的衰减函数模拟及特征

285200909PROGRESSINGEOGRAPHYVol.28,No.5Sept.,2009：2009-01；：2009-04.（40701045、40635026）；（KZCXZ-YW-Q10-4-1）。：（1975-），，，。E-mail:[e-mail]690-696(，100101)：，。“”，，、Pareto、、、，、、，5，Pareto。，，，，，，、。：；；；；1，，；“”、、[1]。，，[2]，[3]。，，f(dij)[4]，TaaffeFotheringham，[5-6]。，，，、、，[7-9]。，[10]，[11]。，，[12]；，“”Pareto，[13]。，，，。，，，，，。22.1、，。，，。，，、、，。，。，，。，，，220，，、5：。，，。，。2.2，，，，，[13]。，Taylor、Smith、Gregory，，[2,10,14]。，，、3，、，5[15]。，a、b，a，b，；f(di)，di，Tidi。。(1)：Ti=aebf(di)，：lnTi=lna+b·f(di)，f(di)=di①(1)。(2)：Ti=a·eb(lndi)m，：lnTi=lna+b·[ln(di)]m，m＝1，②；m＝2，③。(3)：Ti=a·ebdim，：lnTi=lna+bdim，m=2，④；m＝1，；m＝0.5，⑤。(1)。，，b，、，b[13,15]，，b[16]。，b，b，，。33.1，。，，，。，，，，。，，、，。35，()、、。excelSPSS2(2)。3.22，。，4，R、FT，2，691282Tab.2MaincoefficientsofdistancedecaymodelsoftrafficflowinChina。(1)：F，、，，2；3F，2，ParetoFT。R，ParetoR，0.66，4。，Pareto，：Ti=1.09×e0.649×lndi(2)：F，5，F、TR。2，ParetoFT，210.00414.492，4；R，Pareto，0.837。，Pareto，：Ti=0.433×e0733×lndi。(3)：F，5，F、TR。2，ParetoFT，345.41318.585，FT，223.88614.963，Pareto；R，Pareto0.88，4。，Pareto，：Ti=0.067×e0.952×lndi。(4)：F，5，F、TR。2，ParetoFT，275.29716.592，FT，203.50914.266，Pareto；R，Pare-to0.901，，。，Pareto，：Ti=0.00017×e1.726×lndi。，：、、Pareto，4。4，，，Pareto。，，，“”[17]。4，，，，6925：。4.1(1)。5，b，，b，[18]。b，，b2，b。b，0.649，0.892，0.928，1.726，，“”，“”，。，。，b：，，b，，；，，b，[19]。，，，，，R0.66。(2)。，，，。1990、1995、2000、2005Pareto，3。3，2090，，19900.680，20050.733；，，19900.87，19950.91，20000.882，20050.952。，。4.2，，。，，，。4(1)。，。Smith，[10]，。，、、，，，，，、，b。、，，；b，，，；，b，，，。，b，，，。，，，，，1、Fig.1AccumulativecurvesofChinesetrafficflow/%69328，[20]。21990、1995、2000、2005，。，4，b，。，，，，。，，，，。，，b，，b，。1930km，46005150km，3383km。，。4，，，，；，，。，，，；14，，，，，，。4.3，，。，，。3，，，。，，，b。，、、。(1)，。，、、，b，b，，b，。，0~100km0~150km，，，；0~700km0~1100km，，，。，，100~450km，33.2%3.7%；，150~700km2%~3%；，；，b。(2)，。43，33.2%，50~100km，100~1502Fig.2AccumulativecurvesofChineserailwayflow4Tab.4Mainaccumulativeratioanddistancethresholdoftransportmodals/%6945：km10.6%，650~700km5.9%，1050~1100km8.34%，，，。，50~250km，79.5%，50~400km，48.3%，100~850km，59.5%，400~1250km，67%，。，4b，。(3)，“”。，，，0~80km80~608km，，。、、，，100km，100~600km，600~900km，900km。“”，600~900km，。200655km，527km，780km，1485km，：b，，，b，，。5，，。(、)，Pareto，、，。Pareto，，。bPareto，。，b“”，b，，，。，、Paretob：，，，，，，，。，，。[1]..,1989,9(4):251-255.[2]GregoryD.Distancedecay.In:JohnstonRJ,GregoryD,SmithDM.TheDictionaryofHumanGeography(2nd).Oxford:Blackwell,1988:110-111.[3]EldridgeJD,JonesJP.Warpedspace:Ageographyofdis-tancedecay.ProfessionalGeographer,1991,43(1)：500-511.[4]HurstME.TransportationGeography:CommentsandReadings.NewYork:McGraw-Hill,1976.[5]TaaffeEJ.Theurbanhierarchy:Anairpassengerdefini-tion.EconomicGeography，1962,38(1):1-14.[6]FotheringhamAS.SpatialStructure,SpatialInteractionandDistance-decayParameters[D].DepartmentofGeog-raphy,McMasterUniversity,Hamilton,Ontario,1980.[7].,,2001,20(1):31-39.[8],..,2005，24(2)：80-89.3、Fig.3DistancedistributionratiocurvesoftrafficflowinChina/%69528[9]，..，2006，61(8)：829-838.[10]SmithS.RecreationGeography,London:Longman,1983,29-32.[11]TaylorPJ.Distancetransformationanddistancedecayfunction.GeographicalAnanlysis,1971,3(3):221-238.[12],..,2005,20(2):62-65.[13],,,..,1999,54(4):357-364.[14]TaylorPJ,DistanceDecayModelinSpatialInteraction.London：Norwich,1975.[15]..:,1999.[16],,.:GIS.,2004,23(1):97-103.[17]JohnstonRJ.Onfrictionsofdistanceandregressioncoef-ficients.Area,1973(5):187-91.[18]WangFH.QuantitativeMethodandApplicationinGIS,Taylor&FrancisPress,2006.[19]CliffAD,MartinRL.Evaluatingthefrictionofdistanceparameteringravitymodels.RegionalStudies,1974,(8):281-286.[20]JohnstonRJ.Mappatternandfrictionofdistanceparam-eters:Acomment.RegionalStudies,1975(9):281-284.FunctionSimulationandRegularityofDistanceDecayofInter-UrbanTrafficFlowinChinaWANGChengjin(InstituteofGeographicSciencesandNaturalResourcesResearch,CAS,Beijing100101，China)Abstract：Distanceisalwaysanimportantparameterofspatialinteractionmodelsingeographyandinfluencestherangeanddepthofmanysocialandeconomicactivities.Thereisacloseandimportantlinkagebetweentrafficflowanddistance.Sotheregularityofdistancedecayoftrafficflowbecomestheimportantresearchfieldoftransportationgeographyandeconomicgeography.BasedonthereviewandcommentonresearchprogressofdistancedecayregularityoftrafficflowinforeigncountriesandChina,wenarratedthestudyingdataandcityspecimensappliedinthispaper,andintroducedtheprimarymodalsofdistancedecayfunction,includingexponentmodel,Paretomodel,logarithmmodel,squareexponentmodelandextractionexponentmodel.Thenwesimulatedthefivedistancedecaymodelapplyinginter-urbantrafficflowinChina,includingroadpassengersflow,railwaypassengersflowandrailwaycargoflow,andaviationpassengersflow.Wediscussedtheseveralparametersoftheirsimulatingresultsincludingdistancedecaycoefficientb,correlationcoefficientRandtestparameters(namelyFandT),especiallyprovidedacomparativeanalysis.Accordingtotheanalyticalresultandsimulatingparameter,wechosetheoptimalfunc-tionmodelofdistancedecayoftrafficflow,namely,Paretomodel,andwrotethespecificfunctionformulationsofthefourtrafficflowmodals.Sowefurtheranalyzedtheparameterdifferenceoffourdistancedecaymodelsandtheirgeographi