热带气旋螺旋云带动力不稳定的性质黄泓张铭解放军理工大学气象学院大气环流与短期气候预测实验室,南京,211101摘要热带气旋螺旋云带的不对称特征,在热带气旋的路径和强度变化中起着重要作用,对其动力性质的研究是整个热带气旋研究中的重要组成部分。文中分别对一个正压无辐散涡旋模型和正压原始方程涡旋模型进行线性化,采用标准模方法计算扰动的谱点和谱函数,研究扰动在基本流场中的不稳定问题,从而讨论了热带气旋中螺旋云带动力不稳定的性质。将一指定的基流廓线代入这两个模型,均会出现不稳定扰动。前者的流动为涡旋运动,仅在不稳定扰动的两个峰值之间可以看出螺旋状的结构特征,在距涡旋中心140km的外围,不稳定扰动沿径向没有波动分布,没有螺旋云带状结构。此处相应于涡旋Rossby波的停滞半径(stagnationradius),在此半径之内出现的螺旋结构称为内螺旋云带,而在此半径之外出现的螺旋云带称为外螺旋云带。也就是说前者仅出现了眼壁(最大风速半径之内的最大扰动中心)、内螺旋云带,而后者则出现了眼壁、内螺旋云带和外螺旋云带。这说明滤去重力惯性波的正压无辐散涡旋模型(前者)只适合于解释热带气旋不稳定内螺旋云带的形成和结构,当综合考虑不稳定内、外螺旋云带的形成时,水平辐合、辐散的作用不能忽略,此时必须要用正压涡旋模型(后者)。在该模型中因最不稳定扰动随涡旋半径的不同,其分别体现了涡旋Rossby波和重力惯性波的特点,故其是不稳定的涡旋Rossby-重力惯性混合波,其不稳定的性质是非平衡的。由此可知,要同时解释内、外螺旋云带的生成和结构,则非平衡的涡旋Rossby-重力惯性混合波不稳定理论应是更合适的选择。关键词热带气旋,螺旋云带,非平衡不稳定,涡旋Rossby-重力惯性混合波资助课题:国家自然科学基金项目(中β系统的波谱研究及其在灾害性天气预报中的应用,40575023)。作者简介:黄泓,主要从事中尺度动力学和数值预报的研究。E-mail:hhong7782@163.com2006-09-26收稿,2007-01-18改回.中图法分类号P457.8UnstabledynamicalpropertiesofspiralbandsintropicalcyclonesHuangHongZhangMingLaboratoryofAtmosphericCirculationandShort-rangeClimateForecast,MeteorologicalCollege,P.L.A.UniversityofScienceandTechnology,Nanjing211101AbstractSpiralbandsaretheasymmetricfeatureoftropicalcyclones,andplayanimportantroleinthechangesinthepathandintensityoftropicalcyclones.Sothestudyontheirdynamicalpropertyconstitutesanimportantpartinthewholeresearchontropicalcyclones.Anondivergentbarotropicvortexmodelandabarotropicprimitiveequationvortexmodelarelinearizedrespectivelyinthispaper,andthenthespectrumpointsandspectrumfunctionsoftheirperturbationsarecomputedusingthenormalmodemethodtostudytheunstableproblemofperturbationsinthebasicflow,thereby,theunstabledynamicpropertyofspiralbandsintropicalcyclonesarediscussed.Itisshownthatunstablespiralbandsappearinthebothmodelsaftersubstitutingtheprescribedprofileofbasicflowintothem.Theflowoftheformermodelexhibitsavortexmotion,whereinthespiral-bandstructureisonlydiscerniblebetweenthetwopeakvaluesofunstableperturbations.Whentheradiusislargerthan140km,thereisnowavestructurealongtheradialdirection,sonospiral-bandstructureappears.Thisradius,i.e.140rkm,correspondstothestagnationradiusofvortexRossbywave.Thespiralbandsappearingwithinthisradiuscanbecalledastheinnerspiralband,whilethoseoutsideofthisradiuscanbecalledastheouterspiralband.That’stosay,onlytheeyewall(themostunstableperturbationcenterwithinthemaximumwindradius)andinnerspiralband-likestructuresappearintheformermodel,buttheeyewall,innerandouterspiralbands-likestructurescanbeseeninthesecondmodel.Thissuggeststhatthenondivergentbarotropicmodelfilteringinertial-gravitationalwavesissuitabletodiscusstheformationandstructureofunstableinnerspiralbands,butwhentheformationofunstableinnerandouterspiralbandsistobestudied,thenthefunctionofhorizontalconvergenceanddivergencecannotbeignored,andthebarotropicvortexmodelshallbeused.Inthismodel,thepropertiesofthemostunstableperturbationsaredifferentwithradius,showingcharacteristicsofvortexRossbywaveswithinandcharacteristicsofinertial-gravitationalwavesoutsidethestagnationradius,respectively.Sosuchperturbationsshallbeviewedastheunbalancedunstablemixedwaveofthesetwokindsofwaves.Iftheunstableinnerandouterspiralbandsaretobediscussedtogether,theinstabilitytheoryofunbalancedmixedwavesofvortexRossbywavesandinertial-gravitationalwavesshallbeabetterchoice.KeywordsTropicalcyclone,Spiralbands,Unbalancedinstability,MixedvortexRossby-inertiagravitationalwave.