现代哺乳母猪的特点

CharacteristicsoftheModernLactatingSow现代哺乳母猪的特点•Greaterproductivity泌乳量增加•Lessbodytissuereserves机体营养储备减少•Lowervoluntaryfeedintake取食调节能力差•NutritionalManagementisCritical营养管理至关重要Nutrients摄入营养BodyTissueReserves机体营养储备MilkProduction产乳营养Maintenance维持营养SowLactation母猪哺乳DailyNutrientRequirementsofa200kgsowproducing10litresofmilk/day200公斤体重的母猪在日产10公升奶时的营养需要Energy(Mcal)Protein(g)Lysine(g)Nutrientinmilk奶中营养13.0GE500CP35dlysEfficiencyofnutrientutilisation营养转化率.67.70.70NutrientRequiredinDiet饲料中营养需要19.4ME714DCP50dlysMaintenancerequirement维持需要的营养5.8ME126DCP4dlysTotaldietaryrequirement饲料中所需要的营养总量25.2ME26.2DE840DCP988CP54dlys64lysine6kgLactationDiet6公斤哺乳料含有(3.10McalDE/kg,16%CP,0.85%lysine)18.6DE960CP51lysineConsequencesofbodyweightlossesduringlactation哺乳期体重损失后造成的影响•Milkproduction产奶量•Weaningtooestrusinterval断奶至发情间隔期FactorsaffectingLactationandReproductivePerformanceofFirst-littersows影响初产母猪哺乳及繁殖性能的因素•Lactationdiet-Proteincontent蛋白质水平哺乳饲料-Energycontent能量水平•Sowbodyweight母猪体重•Lactationfoodintake哺乳期饲料采食量DietaryProteininLactation(%CP)6.39.813.316.820.323.8哺乳料蛋白质水平Pigletgrowthrate0-28days(g/d)179193215227213216仔猪日增重0－28天15%CP12.5McalDE/kg0.65%LYSINE16.5%CP13.0McalDE/kg0.83%LYSINEDailyfeedintake(kg/d)日采食量(公斤/天)Sowsmatedwithin14daysofweaning断奶后14天内配种母猪Pigletgrowthrate(g/d)仔猪日增重(克/天)3.020/401603.631/39175Increasingthenutrientintakeofsowsduringtheirfirstlactation增加初产母猪哺乳期营养摄入量可以：•Reducestheincidenceofpost-weaninganoestrus减少断奶后不发情现象•Mayimprovetheweaningweightofpigs可以提高仔猪断奶体重3.003.153.303.453.60Feedintake饲料采食量(公斤)4.34.34.34.44.5Duringlactation哺乳期Liveweightloss(kg)体重损失(公斤)2018161416Backfatloss(mm)背膘损失(毫米)7.86.75.35.14.4Pigletgrowthrate(g/d)220228216229228仔猪日增重(克/天)DietaryDEContent(Mcal/kg)日粮消化能水平(兆卡/公斤)AtFarrowing分娩时Liveweight(kg)体重(公斤)P2backfat(mm)背膘厚(毫米)Littergrowthrate(kg/d)窝增重(公斤/天)LIVEWEIGHTATFARROWING母猪分娩时体重LIGHT(轻)HEAVY(重)13318.62.1718227.22.46KingandEason(1998)FatSowsLeanSows膘肥母猪瘦肉型母猪Liveweight(kg)168167体重(公斤)P2backfat(mm)3726背膘厚度(毫米)Littergain(kg/d)1.452.22窝增重(公斤/天)HeadandWilliams(1992)PIGGERY猪场OLDERSOWS经产母猪FIRST-LITTERSOWS初产母猪kg/d3.204.473.614.50N9625,000kg/d4.465.30N69134137VoluntaryintakeofLactatingsowsinCommercialHerds商品猪场母猪哺乳期饲料采食量Vic维多利亚NSW新南威而逊WA西澳USA美国9.211.413.615.818.020.2Duringlactationliveweightloss(kg)31241819126哺乳期体重损失(公斤)Pigletgrowthrate(g/d)215227237254249267仔猪日增重(克/天)DEintake(MJ/d)消化能摄入量(千卡/天)Managementmethodstoensurehighvoluntaryfeedintakeduringlactation提高哺乳期母猪采食量的管理方法•Feedfrequently给料次数•Feederdesign料槽设计•Plentifulwatersupply供水充足•Increaseenergydensity提高能量水平•Increaseproteindensity提高蛋白质水平•Controlpregnancyintake控制孕期采食量•Coolthesow降低母猪体表环境温度Treatments处理Voluntaryfeedintake(kg/d)Qualityofdiet日粮营养水平采食量(公斤/天)Mediumenergy(3.0McalDE/kg)中等能量水平4.9Highenergy(3.3McalDE/kg)高能量水平5.1ShedTemperature猪舍温度27F4.621F5.2Proteinlevelduringlactation蛋白质水平12%CP5.018%CP6.3Dailyfeedintakeduringpregnancy怀孕期采食量1.9kg4.32.4kg3.93.0kg3.4Attemptstoincreasevoluntaryfeedintakeofsowsduringlactation提高母猪哺乳期采食量的一些方法Weaningtomatinginterval(d)16.717.1断奶至配种的间隔时间(天)Ovulationrate13.214.7排卵数Subsequentlittersize(alive)8.810.0窝活仔数Feedintakebetweenweaningandmating(kg/d)1.54.0断奶至配种时饲料采食量(公斤/天)Theeffectofpost-weaningfeedintakeonthesubsequentlittersizeofsows断奶期饲料摄入量对配种后产仔数的影响Feedintake采食量(公斤/天)1.82.73.64.5Littersizeborn窝仔数(头)11.912.311.711.8Feedintake(kg/d)采食量(公斤/天)1.82.73.6Littersizeborn窝仔数(头)9.410.111.6Firstlittersows初产母猪BrooksandCole(1972)Oldersows经初产母猪Brooksetal.,(1975)CharacteristicsofNewFeedingStrategiesforSows新母猪饲喂程序的特点•Highproteindietsduringthefirstlactation初产母猪哺乳期高蛋白质•Potentialtoreducecostsinlaterparities减少以后繁殖周期的成本•Monitorfeedintakeforlactatingsows监测哺乳母猪采食量GrowthRateofPigletsUnderVariousRearingSystems小猪在不同饲喂系统下的生长速度REARINGSYSTEMS饲喂系统REFERENCE参考文献GROWTHRATE14-28DAYSOFAGE(g/d)14－28日龄日增重(克/天)Kingetal.,(1998)Azainetal.,(1996)Kingetal.,(1998)Hodgeetal.,(1974)246297344576Suckledbysows母猪哺乳Suckledplussupplementarymilk母猪哺乳加额外补充奶水Artificiallyreared人工饲喂ConsequencesofImprovingMilkYieldby25%增加母猪产奶量25％的好处•4weekweaningweight4周断奶体重+1.4kg•Slaughterweight屠宰体重+5.2kg•Profitability/sow增加收入/母猪+$77.00GROWTHRATE(g/d)生长速度(克/天)WEIGHT(kg)重量(公斤)25022020018028days28天龄21days21天龄COMMENT评估8.37.56.96.3Excellent很好Good好Average一般Low差6.66.05.55.0TargetRangeforPigletGrowthRate仔猪的目标生长速度IfPigletGrowthRateisLessThan220g/d如果仔猪生长速度少于220克/天•Sownutrition-feedintake.母猪营养－采食量•Supplementaryfeedingofpiglets.仔猪补充饲料•Pigletcare-temperature,hygiene,disease.仔猪保育－温度，卫生，健康EstimateMilkYieldofSows母猪的推算产奶量•Preweaninggrowthrate(g/d)210断奶前生长速度(克/天)•Conversionofmilk:gain4.3奶：增重转化率•Milkintake(g/d)903(210x4.3)日摄奶量(克/天)•Littersizeweaned9.1断奶窝仔数•Milkyield(kg/d)8.2(9.1x0.903)产奶量(公斤/天)FactorsAffectingMilkProductioninSows影响母猪产奶量的因素•Nutrition营养•LitterCharacteristics窝仔因素-Littersize窝仔数-Pigletsize仔猪重-Nursingfrequency哺乳次数•SowCharacteristics母猪因素-Parity胎次-BodyCondition体膘状况•Environment环境因素-ExogenousHormones外源性激素-Temperature温度-Photoperiod光照周期NUMBEROFPIGLETSINLITTER窝仔数MILKYIELDOFSOWIN3-4THWEEKOFLACTATION(kg/d)母猪在哺乳期3－4周时的产奶量(公斤/天)67891011126.97.88.69.510.411.212.0King(1996)Birthweight出生体重Milkintake(kg/pig)奶的摄入量(公斤/猪)Day13(13天)Day30(30