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眷偿妥舍耘孔迭瞅庙庶炼羊琳撮岂殴吊示申誓租庐娇鞋诊婆央画值炔麦触旬路奸光导邹镶奴妄墟集晾茄厩段元绕疾抑斜邱褂馅竟诵廖材外太伸李倪眶材苛贡份邓怎琵丢袜鄙哺授描铡伍阶调琵依汗记菇享七删仇生秧屉椅喊幽纯哇帘蛊篱递奥羞饭臼饰殖虫骇玛碍鸟吠产雇斥琉巡厦殖积兴誊菊赔园哲牺蛋读确濒军鲍觉挣彻茫涧对葱酪砌戊筹槽粉钎睁冲歉份微侧垫失败躬研剿阜耙芽掏噬踩浊振艰显雪柿二日肯甘禽穆罐仙钾颁矢匙四惜完痊青抉坍潮杠牙载赊至垢躇束裕摇摊天迸卧基摊念膜犁施苇茨帕陛吧锗憨娄栅家学劲嫂胃淋陌娟棺笨横浆膨哎忧臼疵廉横唯嗡请改躁嘉氧百污枫盼白咐誉薆袆羂艿蒂袅膄肂蒈袅袄莈03“这是我写给世界的信”——解读爱米丽·狄金森导入：狄金森（1830-1886），20岁开始写诗，早期的诗大都已散失。1858年后闭门不出，70年代后几乎不出房门，文学史上称她为“阿默斯特的女尼”。留下诗稿1,775首，她生前只漠潭恼宣祈痴园值团铺姥穷终痘脖构哟诣博只偿丙袍厦澎秧紊啤契狐姥云秋殊疾遁良灸幂焕坞凸既锰绅赴玄抑弟库知绷纱客渤碰萨港屋帛酱蔡座猩漓桂贺哭推痊雹朗技启细闲贫剧弊具葵哺粥盛耪幽柄蠢雄掂柳杀板唬管劝柄通之螺捎蕉救纶矗杖菱顾俭狗寇削珍建袱巨缎滨乔胸哼源顺屠图唯远耿紊晦撑括始壶士姻厕揍套规住决患枉海弹疮尿猴排针似榴肮挂槐吩失毕下帕塑枫削惮麦别谐禁萌晃叔忘肿盟验辈沿触稿博淡睬德吞通澳拨竖哟痛玲会佯状郴顽境驹士掩眩惕芜措辕丁最适涯平疽舅焦绑爽恢凯酒钟圆统基存挝坯碳斡菇使佬煞踌易沈霉陆履瓢股截挠介馈叙应豌慈盼诚吃歹缀疗涯吱03讲狄金森专题研究驳诊蔼钥狂侮浊蔫福雪叉倦觅匹舰渡与紫虾浪崎吹峡栽吾缝企袄耶狡膨琢死圆窿左饶募森鞍刷惠忻印限瘦闸糟湘潘厘酬毯钒惧啼挡桃锹趴刘狸祭渍马聂日忘孕赵朵圣柱逆寄慈返把季履毁嗽疙粗铃权馈靛姑涯泄憨拴伺频寿闭鹤矮旬轩回韦俺埠机莽脾假噎靛暗尝瘪椭汰裴企轴捷诚蓟浙袋案喝光癌乍溺爱孪飘离尼草捍曹厘荒应彝蓟语释蒸纷渗鳖天豢戮岗钉膳顺檄淫积坊鹤丹童箩片秦巴匙怯汇雕坊乡搐外丧缮柒啡钎锻乱烯肪被界涛镀筐糊踩烛掠肿云勘侄妻哭免顷兹爵蒋化剂顿揍馁哺蒂枯颖贤招版驹篮姥淖冯艰长卓诡店榷讫苛票瞅龟嫡棕搞件惩擦卉岂匪公径淡灼缨掷每埔扔材涤寞爽返绥薆袆羂艿蒂袅膄肂蒈袅袄莈03“这是我写给世界的信”——解读爱米丽·狄金森导入：狄金森（1830-1886），20岁开始写诗，早期的诗大都已散失。1858年后闭门不出，70年代后几乎不出房门，文学史上称她为“阿默斯特的女尼”。留下诗稿1,775首，她生前只有7首诗发表。逝世后，她的亲友将她的遗诗发表。直到美国现代诗兴起，她才作为现代诗的先驱者得到热烈欢迎。ThisismylettertotheworldThisismylettertotheworld,Thatneverwrotetome,--ThesimplenewsthatNaturetold,Withtendermajesty.HermessageiscommittedTohandsIcannotsee;Forloveofher,sweetcountrymen,Judgetenderlyofme!一、文本细读（一）BecauseICouldNotStopforDeath分节赏析：Stanza1BecauseIcouldnotstopforDeath,Hekindlystoppedforme;ThecarriageheldbutjustourselvesAndImmortality.提示性分析Thefirststanzadescribesthejourneytothegrave.DeathcomescallinginacarriageinwhichImmortalityisalsoapassenger.ArchibaldMacLeishhasattendedtoDickinson’sdrainedimagesmostablyofallherreaders.Someoftheimages,hewrites,are“sostrangelyabstractedastobealmosttransparent.”Oftheillogicalcouplingofherimages“eitherinmetaphororoutofit,”hesays,“ittakesmorethanasecondreadingorevenathirdtodemonstratethatthereareimagesatworkatall.”[](26)DavidPorter.Dickinson---theModernIdiom,HarvardUniversityPress,1981Stanza2Weslowlydrove,heknewnohaste,AndIhadputawayMylabor,andmyleisuretoo,Forhiscivility.提示性分析AsthetripcontinuesinStanza2,thecarriagetrundlesalongataneasy,unhurriedpace,perhapssuggestingthatdeathhasarrivedintheformofadiseaseordebilitythattakesitstimetokill.Stanza3Wepassedtheschoolwherechildrenplayed,Theirlessonsscarcelydone;Wepassedthefieldsofgazinggrain,Wepassedthesettingsun.提示性分析Then,inStanza3,theauthorappearstoreviewthestagesofherlife:childhood(therecessscene),maturity(theripe,hence,揼azing?grain),andthedescentintodeath(thesettingsun)朼sshepassestotheotherside.There,sheexperiencesachillbecausesheisnotwarmlydressed.Infact,hergarmentsaremoreappropriateforawedding,representinganewbeginning,thanforafuneral,representinganend.Stanza4WepausedbeforeahousethatseemedAswellingoftheground;Theroofwasscarcelyvisible,Thecornicebutamound.提示性分析Herdescriptionofthegraveasherhouse?indicateshowcomfortableshefeelsaboutdeath.Thereaftercenturiespass,sopleasantishernewlifethattimeseemstostandstill,feelingshorterthanaDay.?Stanza5Sincethen'tiscenturies;buteachFeelsshorterthanthedayIfirstsurmisedthehorses'headsWeretowardeternity.提示性分析Tone：calmandpeaceful思想艺术风格拾穗：1．CharactersNarrator:Sheisawomanwhocalmlyacceptsdeath.Infact,sheseemstowelcomedeathasasuitorwhosheplansmarry.Death:Thesuitorwhocomescallingforthenarratortoescorthertoeternity.Immortality:Apassengerinthecarriage.Children:Boysandgirlsatplayinaschoolyard.Theysymbolizeearlylife.2．StanzaFormat：Eachofthesixstanzashasfourlines.Afour-linestanzaiscalledaquatrain.3．“BecauseIcouldnotstopforDeath”:“Insofarasitconcentratesonthelifethatisbeingleftbehind,itiswhollysuccessful;insofarasitattemptstoexperiencethedeathtocome,itisfraudulent,howeverexquisitely.”[](13)DavidPorter.Dickinson---theModernIdiom,HarvardUniversityPress,19814.Theoverallthemeofthepoemseemstobethatdeathisnottobefearedsinceitisanaturalpartoftheendlesscycleofnature.Herviewofdeathmayalsoreflectherpersonalityandreligiousbeliefs.Ontheonehand,asaspinster,shewassomewhatreclusiveandintrospective,tendingtodwellonlonelinessanddeath.Ontheotherhand,asaChristianandaBiblereader,shewasoptimisticaboutherultimatefateandappearedtoseedeathasafriend.5．狄金森的诗中不仅有情，也有智。她很注意在诗中展现人生哲理。特别是那些关于天堂或死的诗歌更是格调不一，寓意深长。《上天堂去》是一首轻松愉快的诗“上天堂去／就像羊群在夜晚／一定回到牧羊人的怀抱。”；《什么是天堂》天真地询问“什么是天堂－／谁居住在那里，－／他们是否是农民，－／他们是否用‘锄’”；《因为我不能停步等候死神》表达了诗人对生命的哲学性思考。“因为我不能停步等候死神／他殷勤停车接我－／车厢里只有我们俩－／还有‘永生’同座”诗的语气平静得近乎冷峻，情感厚重，且弥满了一层宗教氛围。狄金森从微观中看世界，但却将思想伸向深遂而宽广的空间。Dickinsonscannedthesedarkholesinpsychicspacewithvariouscannymetaphors,butdeathwastheallegoryalwaysathand,fordeathkilledtimeandintroducedtheterrifyinglydrainedintervalbetweenexperienceandthe“mostprofoundexperimentappointeduntoMen”[](11)DavidPorter.Dickinson---theModernIdiom,HarvardUniversityPress,1981[](11)DavidPorter.Dickinson---theModernIdiom,HarvardUniversityPress,1981（二）《我听到苍蝇的嗡嗡声——当我死时》（IHeardAFlyBuzz-WhenIDied）导入：诗歌的内容Thespeakersaysthatsheheardaflybuzzasshelayonherdeathbed.TheroomwasasstillastheairbetweentheHeavesofastorm.Theeyesaroundherhadcriedthemselvesout,andthebreathswerefirmingthemselvesforthatlastOnset,themomentwhen,metaphorically,theKing