主要基团的红外特征吸收峰基团振动类型波数(cm-1)波长(μm)强度备注一、烷烃类CH伸CH伸(反称)CH伸(对称)CH弯(面内)C-C伸3000~28432972~28802882~28431490~13501250~11403.33~3.523.37~3.473.49~3.526.71~7.418.00~8.77中、强中、强中、强分为反称与对称二、烯烃类CH伸C=C伸CH弯(面内)CH弯(面外)单取代双取代顺式反式3100~30001695~16301430~12901010~650995~985910~905730~650980~9653.23~3.335.90~6.137.00~7.759.90~15.410.05~10.1510.99~11.0513.70~15.3810.20~10.36中、弱中强强强强强C=C=C为2000~1925cm-1三、炔烃类CH伸C≡C伸CH弯(面内)CH弯(面外)~33002270~21001260~1245645~615~3.034.41~4.767.94~8.0315.50~16.25中中强四、取代苯类CH伸泛频峰骨架振动(CC)CH弯(面内)CH弯(面外)3100~30002000~16671600±201500±251580±101450±201250~1000910~6653.23~3.335.00~6.006.25±0.086.67±0.106.33±0.046.90±0.108.00~10.0010.99~15.03变弱强三、四个峰,特征确定取代位置单取代邻双取代间双取代对双取代1,2,3,三取代1,3,5,三取代1,2,4,三取代﹡1,2,3,4四取代﹡1,2,4,5四取代﹡1,2,3,5四取代﹡五取代CH弯(面外)CH弯(面外)CH弯(面外)CH弯(面外)CH弯(面外)CH弯(面外)CH弯(面外)CH弯(面外)CH弯(面外)CH弯(面外)CH弯(面外)770~730770~730810~750900~860860~800810~750874~835885~860860~800860~800860~800865~810~86012.99~13.7012.99~13.7012.35~13.3311.12~11.6311.63~12.5012.35~13.3311.44~11.9811.30~11.6311.63~12.5011.63~12.5011.63~12.5011.56~12.35~11.63极强极强极强中极强强强中强强强强强五个相邻氢四个相邻氢三个相邻氢一个氢(次要)二个相邻氢三个相邻氢与间双易混一个氢一个氢二个相邻氢二个相邻氢一个氢一个氢一个氢五、醇类、酚类OH伸OH弯(面内)C—O伸O—H弯(面外)3700~32001410~12601260~1000750~6502.70~3.137.09~7.937.94~10.0013.33~15.38变弱强强液态有此峰OH伸缩频率游离OH分子间氢键分子内氢键OH弯或C—O伸伯醇(饱和)仲醇(饱和)叔醇(饱和)酚类(ФOH)OH伸OH伸OH伸(单桥)OH弯(面内)C—O伸OH弯(面内)C—O伸OH弯(面内)C—O伸OH弯(面内)Ф—O伸3650~35903500~33003570~3450~14001250~1000~14001125~1000~14001210~11001390~13301260~11802.74~2.792.86~3.032.80~2.90~7.148.00~10.00~7.148.89~10.00~7.148.26~9.097.20~7.527.94~8.47强强强强强强强强强中强锐峰钝峰(稀释向低频移动*)钝峰(稀释无影响)六、醚类C—O—C伸1270~10107.87~9.90强或标C—O伸脂链醚脂环醚芳醚(氧与芳环相连)C—O—C伸C—O—C伸(反称)C—O—C伸(对称)=C—O—C伸(反称)=C—O—C伸(对称)CH伸1225~10601100~1030980~9001270~12301050~1000~28258.16~9.439.09~9.7110.20~11.117.87~8.139.52~10.00~3.53强强强强中弱氧与侧链碳相连的芳醚同脂醚O—CH3的特征峰七、醛类(—CHO)CH伸C=O伸CH弯(面外)2850~27101755~1665975~7803.51~3.695.70~6.0010.2~12.80弱很强中一般~2820及~2720cm-1两个带饱和脂肪醛α,β-不饱和醛芳醛C=O伸C=O伸C=O伸~1725~1685~1695~5.80~5.93~5.90强强强八、酮类OCC=O伸C—C伸泛频1700~16301250~10303510~33905.78~6.138.00~9.702.85~2.95极强弱很弱脂酮饱和链状酮α,β-不饱和酮β二酮芳酮类Ar—COC=O伸C=O伸C=O伸C=O伸C=O伸1725~17051690~16751640~15401700~16301690~16805.80~5.865.92~5.976.10~6.495.88~6.145.92~5.95强强强强强C=O与C=C共轭向低频移动谱带较宽二芳基酮1-酮基-2-羟基(或氨基)芳酮脂环酮四环元酮五元环酮六元、七元环酮C=O伸C=O伸C=O伸C=O伸C=O伸1670~16601665~1635~17751750~17401745~17255.99~6.026.01~6.12~5.635.71~5.755.73~5.80强强强强强九、羧酸类(—COOH)OH伸C=O伸OH弯(面内)C—O伸OH弯(面外)3400~25001740~1650~1430~1300950~9002.94~4.005.75~6.06~6.99~7.6910.53~11.11中强弱中弱在稀溶液中,单体酸为锐峰在~3350cm-1;二聚体为宽峰,以~3000cm-1为中心脂肪酸R—COOHα,β-不饱和酸芳酸C=O伸C=O伸C=O伸1725~17001705~16901700~16505.80~5.885.87~5.915.88~6.06强强强氢键十、酸酐链酸酐C=O伸(反称)C=O伸(对称)C—O伸1850~18001780~17401170~10505.41~5.565.62~5.758.55~9.52强强强共轭时每个谱带降20cm-1环酸酐(五元环)C=O伸(反称)C=O伸(对称)C—O伸1870~18201800~17501300~12005.35~5.495.56~5.717.69~8.33强强强共轭时每个谱带降20cm-1十一、酯类COROC=O伸(泛频)C=O伸C—O—C伸~34501770~17201280—1100~2.905.65~5.817.81~9.09弱强强多数酯C=O伸缩振动正常饱和酯α,β-不饱和酯δ-内酯γ-内酯(饱和)β-内酯C=O伸C=O伸C=O伸C=O伸C=O伸1744~1739~17201750~17351780~1760~18205.73~5.75~5.815.71~5.765.62~5.68~5.50强强强强强十二、胺NH伸NH弯(面内)C—N伸NH弯(面外)3500~33001650~15501340~1020900~6502.86~3.036.06~6.457.46~9.8011.1~15.4中中强伯胺强,中;仲胺极弱伯胺类仲胺类叔胺类NH伸(反称、对称)NH弯(面内)C—N伸NH伸NH弯(面内)C—N伸C—N伸(芳香)3500~34001650~15901340~10203500—33001650—15501350—10201360~10202.86~2.946.06~6.297.46~9.802.86—3.036.06—6.457.41—9.807.35~9.80中、中强、中中、弱中极弱中、弱中、弱双峰一个峰十三、酰胺(脂肪与芳香酰胺数据类似)NH伸C=O伸NH弯(面内)C—N伸3500~31001680~16301640~15501420~14002.86~3.225.95~6.136.10~6.457.04~7.14强强强中伯酰胺双峰仲酰胺单峰谱带Ⅰ谱带Ⅱ谱带Ⅲ伯酰胺仲酰胺叔酰胺NH伸(反称)(对称)C=O伸NH弯(剪式)C—N伸NH2面内摇NH2面外摇NH伸C=O伸NH弯+C—N伸C—N伸+NH弯C=O伸~3350~31801680~16501650~16201420~1400~1150750~600~32701680~16301570~15151310~12001670~1630~2.98~3.145.95~6.066.06~6.157.04~7.14~8.701.33~1.67~3.095.95~6.136.37~6.607.63~8.335.99~6.13强强强强中弱中强强中中两峰重合两峰重合十四、氰类化合物脂肪族氰α、β芳香氰α、β不饱和氰C≡N伸C≡N伸C≡N伸2260~22402240~22202235~22154.43~4.464.46~4.514.47~4.52强强强十五、硝基化合物R—NO2Ar—NO2NO2伸(反称)NO2伸(对称)NO2伸(反称)NO2伸(对称)1590~15301390~13501530~15101350~13306.29~6.547.19~7.416.54~6.627.41~7.52强强强强