离子与药物对离体蟾蜍心脏活动的影响

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离子与药物对离体蟾蜍心脏活动的影响[摘要]目的学习灌流蟾蜍离体心脏方法,观察高钾、高钙、低钙、肾上腺素、乙酰胆碱等因素对心脏活动的的影响。方法制备蟾蜍离体心脏标本,分别灌流CaCl2、KCl、肾上腺素+普奈洛尔及乙酰胆碱,用张力换能器与PCLab生物信号采集处理系统描记心搏曲线并记录心搏变化。结果将插管内的任氏液全部更换为无钙任氏液后,心脏的舒张期张力无明显改变,收缩期张力减小,心率增加;滴加30g/LCaCl2溶液1~2滴后,收缩期、舒张期张力增加,心率显著减小(p0.05);在任氏液中滴加10g/LKCl溶液1~2滴后,心脏的收缩期张力显著减小(p0.05),舒张期张力增加,心率非常显著减小(p0.01);在任氏液中滴加0.1g/L肾上腺素溶液1~2滴后,心脏的收缩期张力增加,舒张期张力、心率基本不变;在任氏液中滴加0.1g/L肾上腺素溶液1~2滴后,心脏的舒张期张力基本不变,收缩期张力显著增加,心率轻度增加;待心搏曲线稳定后,向灌流液中加10g/L普奈洛尔溶液1~2滴,可见心脏的舒张期张力基本不变,收缩期张力略有减小,心率基本不变。待心搏曲线稳定后,再向灌流液中加0.1g/L肾上腺素溶液1~2滴,心搏曲线无明显变化;在任氏液中加10-2g/L乙酰胆碱溶液1~2滴后,心脏的舒张期张力增加,收缩期张力显著减小(p0.05),心率则有非常显著减小(p0.01)。结论心肌细胞外高Ca2+时心肌收缩性增强;高钾使心肌收缩性减弱;肾上腺素使心输出量增加,心肌收缩性增强,而普奈洛尔可不可逆转性的抑制肾上腺素的作用;乙酰胆碱可使心肌收缩性降低。[关键字]蟾蜍离体心脏灌流肾上腺素乙酰胆碱[Abstract]Objectivestudyfillsflowsthetoadtothebodyheartmethod,observesK,factorandsoonCa,lowcalcium,adrenalin,acetylcholintothecardiacactivityinfluence.Methodspreparationtoadleavesthebodyheartspecimen,FillsseparatelyflowsCaCl2,KCl,theadrenalin+propranololandtheacetylcholin,WrestlesthecurveandtherecordheartwiththetensitytransducerandthePCLabbiologysignalgatheringprocessingsystemdescriptionheartwrestlesthechange.Resultsitwillinsertatubenomatterwhatthefluidreplacescompletelyafterdoesnothavethecalciumnomatterwhatthefluid,theheartdiastoletimetensitydoesnothavetheobviouschange,thecontractiontimetensityreduces,heartrateincrease;Addsbydrops30g/AfterLtheCaCl2solution1~2drops,thecontractiontime,thediastoletimetensityincreases,theheartrateremarkablyreduces(p0.05);Innomatterwhatthefluidaddsbydrops10g/AfterLtheKClsolution1~2drops,theheartcontractiontimetensityremarkablyreduces(p0.05),thediastoletimetensityincreases,theheartrateextremelyremarkablyreduces(p0.01);Innomatterwhatthefluidaddsbydrops0.1g/AftertheLadrenalinsolution1~2drops,theheartcontractiontimetensityincreases,thediastoletimetensity,theheartratebasicareinvariable;Innomatterwhatthefluidaddsbydrops0.1g/AftertheLadrenalinsolution1~2drops,theheartdiastoletimetensitybasicisinvariable,contractiontimetensityremarkableincrease,heartratemildincrease;Afterwaitsthehearttowrestlethecurvetobestable,tofillsflowsinthefluidtoadd10g/Lpropranololsolution1~2drops,obviouslyheartdiastoletimetensitybasicinvariable,thecontractiontimetensityhasslightlyreduces,theheartratebasicisinvariable.Afterwaitsthehearttowrestlethecurvetobestable,againtofillsflowsinthefluidtoadd0.1g/TheLadrenalinsolution1~2drops,theheartwrestlesthecurvenottohavetheobviouschange;Innomatterwhatthefluidadds10-2g/AftertheLacetylcholinsolution1~2drops,theheartdiastoletimetensityincreases,thecontractiontimetensityremarkablyreduces(p0.05),theheartratethenhasextremelyremarkablyreduces(p0.01).ConclusioncardicmuscleextracellularhighCa2+cardicmusclecontractionenhancement;GaoJiashithecardicmusclecontractionweakens;Theadrenalincausesthecardiacoutputincrease,Cardicmusclecontractionenhancement,butthepropranololreversiblethetransferringsuppressionadrenalinthefunction;Theacetylcholinmaycausethecardicmusclecontractiontoreduce.1.材料和方法1.1实验材料1.1.1实验动物:蟾蜍1.1.2实验仪器:微机生物信号采集处理系统,张力换能器1.1.3实验药品:任氏液,30g/LCaCl2溶液,10g/LKCl溶液,0.1g/L肾上腺素溶液,10-2g/L乙酰胆碱溶液,10g/L普萘洛尔溶液1.2仪器连接和参数设置1.2.1RM6240系统选择“蛙心灌流”项目,进入实验信号记录状态。(参数由实验室设定)1.2.2PcLab系统选择“蛙心收缩”项目,进入实验信号记录状态。(参数由实验室设定)1.3离体蛙心制备1.3.1暴露蛙心破坏蟾蜍脑和脊髓后,剪开胸骨,打开心包,暴露心脏,分离左、右主动脉。靠头端结扎左主动脉,在主动脉干下方穿线系一松结备用。1.3.2蛙心插管用眼科剪在松结上方左主动脉根部剪一小斜口,将盛有少许任氏液的蛙心插管由此插入动脉圆锥,在心室收缩期时将插管插入心室,吸去插管内血液,更换新鲜任氏液,用线固定。1.3.3蛙心离体剪断主动脉左、右分支,抬高心脏,自静脉窦以下结扎其余血管,分离周围组织。1.3.4将蛙心插管固定在铁支架上,用蛙心夹在心室舒张期夹住心尖,调节张力至1g。2.观察项目2.1正常的蛙搏曲线稳定5min后,记录正常蛙搏曲线,记录心搏频率、心室收缩和舒张程度。2.2低钙任氏液灌流将插管内的任氏液换为低钙任氏液,观察心搏变化,记录心搏频率、心室收缩和舒张程度,换正常任氏液冲洗至心搏曲线恢复正常。2.3高钙任氏液灌流稳定3min后,滴加30g/LCaCl2溶液2滴,观察心搏变化。心搏曲线明显变化时,用正常任氏液反复冲洗至心搏曲线恢复正常。2.4高钾任氏液灌流稳定3min后,在任氏液中加10g/LKCl溶液2滴,观察心搏变化。心搏曲线明显变化时,用正常任氏液反复冲洗至心搏曲线恢复正常。2.5肾上腺素作用稳定3min后,在任氏液中加0.1g/L肾上腺素溶液2滴,观察心搏变化。心搏曲线明显变化时,用正常任氏液反复冲洗至心搏曲线恢复正常。2.6普萘洛尔加肾上腺素作用稳定3min后,在任氏液中加10g/L普萘洛尔溶液1滴,约1min后再加入0.1g/L肾上腺素溶液2滴,观察心搏变化。心搏曲线明显变化时,用正常任氏液反复冲洗至心搏曲线恢复正常。2.7乙酰胆碱作用稳定3min后,在任氏液中加10-2g/L乙酰胆碱溶液2滴,观察心搏变化。心搏曲线明显变化时,用正常任氏液反复冲洗至心搏曲线恢复正常。3.结果3.1在各种药物作用下蟾蜍离体心脏的原始心搏曲线,见图1。3.2低钙溶液处理前舒张末期张力为0.75±0.53(g),处理后为0.97±0.32;处理前发展张力为3.62±0.96(g),处理后为2.02±1.56(g)较处理前显著减小;处理前的心率为48±7(bpm),与处理后的50±9(bpm)无显著性差异。见表1。表1:低钙溶液处理分组舒张末期张力(g)发展张力(g)心率(bpm)加药前加药后加药前加药后加药前加药后第一组0.460.843.110.964648第二组0.850.871.961.774442第三组0.871.394.692.314851第四组0.911.34.050.616166第五组0.90.864.121.695052第六组0.530.533.782.024141x±s0.75±0.530.97±0.323.62±0.962.02±1.56*48±750±9*P0.05,与加药前发展张力相比,有显著性差异。3.33%CaCl2处理前舒张末期张力为0.72±0.20(g),处理后为3.26±1.70(g)较处理前显著增大;处理前发展张力为3.29±0.74(g),处理后为4.86±2.75(g);处理前心率为49±6(bpm),处理后为35±20(bpm)。见表2。表2:3%CaCl2处理分组舒张末期张力(g)发展张力(g)心率(次/分)加药前加药后加药前加药后加药前加药后第1组0.483.282.524.754334第2组0.842.062.393.654345第3组0.942.753.868.765343第4组0.651.383.690.495560第5组0.96.274.26.27530第6组0.523.823.075.224527x±s0.72±0.203.26±1.70*3.29±0.744.86±2.7549±635±20*P0.05,与加药前舒张末期张力相比,有显著性差异。3.41%KCl处理前舒张末期张力为0.50±0.18(g),显著小于处理后的0.75±0.29(g);处理前发展张力为3.00±0.88(g),高度显著大于处理后的1.13±0.35(g);处理前的心率为45±5(bpm),与处理后的46±8(bpm)无显著性差异。见表3。表3:1%KCl处理分组舒张末期张力(g)发展张力(g)心率(bpm)加药前加药后加药前加药后加药前加药后第一组0.270.432.080.523943第二组0.

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