建筑节能技术-ppt课件

1建筑节能技术2建筑能耗包括建材生产能耗、建筑施工能耗和建筑使用能耗，其中建筑使用能耗占80-90%。建筑使用能耗主要包括采暖、通风、空调、照明、炊事燃料、家用电气、热水供应等。建筑节能就是节约建筑物的能源消耗，减少能源损失，提高能源利用率。第一节建筑节能的紧迫性BuiltEnvironmentHealthSafetyComfortEnvironmentSustainability建筑环境与设备工程•改善人类工作、生活与居住条件，提供一个健康舒适、和安全的生活、工作环境。•它包括供热、供燃气、通风空调和制冷、消防、照明、电气电梯安装、弱电通信、保安、室内给排水、建筑周边环境、室内空气品质等。•对现代建筑而言，一般标准的办公楼，建筑设备可占总造价的三分之一，运行、维护费用的四分之三以上。•必须考虑能源效益、环境影响及环境问题能源在建筑中的应用能源在建筑中的应用SustainableDevelopment‘Sustainabledevelopmentisdevelopment,whichmeetstheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds.’WorldCommissiononEnvironmentandDevelopment,1983中国建筑能效的背景预测到2015年民用建筑保有量的一半是2000年以后新建的，并认为中国没有注重建筑节能，从而每年新增7～8亿平方米的不节能的建筑在未来几十年里将无节制地消耗大量能源。到2000年末，我国建筑年消耗商品能源共计3.76亿吨标准煤，占全社会终端能耗总量的27.6%。其中采暖空调能耗约占建筑能耗65%左右建筑用能正在持续快速上升，其所占全社会能耗的比重不断增大。将从目前的27%左右上升到2020年的35%左右。建筑能耗的构成采暖空调热水供应电气照明炊事各部分所占的比例65%15%14%6%33,46834,90235,03735,800138,948138,173132,214128,000130,29734,57234,137130,11927.45%27.37%26.15%24.71%24.09%26.82%020,00040,00060,00080,000100,000120,000140,000160,000199619971998199920002001万吨标煤23.0%24.0%25.0%26.0%27.0%28.0%29.0%30.0%百分比建筑能耗能源消费总量建筑能耗比例ClimatechangeBuildingsintheUK.accountforover40%ofthenation’senergyconsumptionandresultantcarbondioxideemissions,whichisrecognizedcauseofglobalwarmingandclimatechange.英国温室气体排放WorldCarbonDioxideEmissionsfromCoalUse(2001)US23.1%FormerSovietUnion8.1%China26.3%India6.7%Japan3.7%Others22.9%WesternEurope9.2%WorldCarbonDioxideEmissions(2001)US23.9%France1.7%Germany3.4%Italy1.8%Japan4.8%FormerSovietUnion10.0%China12.8%India3.8%Others35.5%UK2.3%ClimateChange全球气候变化及其影响CO2emissionsIncreaseintheatmosphericconcentrationofcarbondioxide科学家近日预言，由于全球温室效应使得南北极冰山融解、海平面上升，进而造成许多海岛地区沉入海底。台湾岛内的环境专家也大胆预言：“台湾陆沉的速度必然加速！”第二节建筑节能综合性措施建筑节能是一个系统工程，必须在能源利用的各个环节和系统从规划设计到运行的全过程中贯彻节能的观点，才能取得较好的效果。建筑节能的途径建筑设计建筑设备建筑使用者新能源利用BuildingDesign一、建筑设计Integratedapproachtosustainability3.Siteanalysis5.Buildingmaterialselectionstrategies6.Buildingservicesstrategies4.BuildinganalysisEcologicalSocialEconomic1.ClimateAnalysis2.MicroclimateAnalysisSocialIssuesSecurityPoorinternalenvironment恶劣的iaqCommunityinvolvementHealth&ComfortAccess存取Recreation消遣PublictransportAmenity舒适EconomicIssuesEmploymentBestvalue&WholelifecostingRentalincomeProductivityGlobalEnvironmentalIssuesOzonedepletionAcidrainBiodiversitylossClimatechangeWaterdepletionLanddepletionFueldepletionResourceWastegenerationLocalEnvironmentalIssuesTrafficcongestion阻塞EcologicalfootprintPoorinternalenvironment•IAQ&Comfort•Acoustics声学•ControlsImpactonmicroclimate•Poorwindenvironment•Solar&lightaccessIncreasedToxicityIncreasedEutrophication富营养Photochemical光化学oxidationIntegratedapproachtosustainabilityBuildingDesign&ServicesStrategyReducedairleakage渗漏Super-InsulationAdvancedDHWsystemsEnergyefficientlightingHeatrecovery&NaturalventilationPassive/low-energycoolingsystemsEfficientheatingsystemsHarvestingrenewablesLessonsfromvernacular本国的traditions……archetypes原型forthefuture?ProjectExamples100501002700250250300250LACourthouse,USASystemselectionDisplacement置换ventilationFanPoweredBoxesPassivecoolingNighttimecoolingDoubleSkinsExternalShadingNaturalventilationTotalSiteEnergy36.245.60.010.020.030.040.050.0PreferredOptionBaseCasekbtu/Sqft-yThermalMass&PassiveCooling•Theearthisataconstant12–14ºCthroughouttheyear.Thisisanidealcoolingsource•Termitesusethesameprincipleofthermalmasstokeeptheirhomescoolbutinaverticalform•Bycombiningthesetwoprinciples(horizontallabyrinths&verticalearth–tubes)freecoolingcanbeprovidedforasubstantialperiodProjectExamplesSpring24Hours0100200300400500NNEESESSWWNW6m/s3m/s-6m/s3m/sWindRosesWindtunnelanalysisCFDanalysisWindPowerANALYTICALDESIGNMETHODSDoubleskin双面层SunpathdiagramSolaraccessanalysisANALYTICALDESIGNMETHODS•StudyofSolarHeatGainANALYTICALDESIGNMETHODS•StudyofWell-BeingandProductivity–Theory–Physicscaptured:•Airtemperature•Relativehumidity•Airmovement•Workingspace•Noise•DayLighting•visualperformance•Theimprovementofanoverallworkspacewillinfluencethewellbeingandtheproductivityofthestaff.ANALYTICALDESIGNMETHODS•TherelaxingpropertyofComfortwillencouragethecostumertostaylonger,withanincreasedprobabilityofhigherquantityofpurchasesStudyofWell-BeingandProductivity2、建筑物围护结构的节能措施1、建筑物的规划设计提高能量利用效率冷热源系统的节能二、建筑设备三、热回收、废热与可再生能源的应用四、建筑的使用者强化管理楼宇程控系统——智能建筑