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胡壮麟《语言学教程》（修订版）测试题第一章：语言学导论I.Choosethebestanswer.(20%)1.Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhuman__________.A.contactB.communicationC.relationD.community2.Whichofthefollowingwordsisentirelyarbitrary?A.treeB.typewriterC.crashD.bang3.Thefunctionofthesentence“Waterboilsat100degreesCentigrade.”is__________.A.interrogativeB.directiveC.informativeD.performative4.InChinesewhensomeonebreaksabowloraplatethehostorthepeoplepresentarelikelytosay“碎碎（岁岁）平安”asameansofcontrollingtheforceswhichtheybelievesfeelmightaffecttheirlives.Whichfunctionsdoesitperform?A.InterpersonalB.EmotiveC.PerformativeD.Recreational5.Whichofthefollowingpropertyoflanguageenableslanguageuserstoovercomethebarrierscausedbytimeandplace,duetothisfeatureoflanguage,speakersofalanguagearefreetotalkaboutanythinginanysituation?A.TransferabilityB.DualityC.DisplacementD.Arbitrariness6.Studythefollowingdialogue.Whatfunctiondoesitplayaccordingtothefunctionsoflanguage?—Aniceday,isn’tit?—Right!Ireallyenjoythesunlight.A.EmotiveB.PhaticC.PerformativeD.Interpersonal7.__________referstotheactualrealizationoftheideallanguageuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguageinutterances.A.PerformanceB.CompetenceC.LangueD.Parole8.Whenadogisbarking,youassumeitisbarkingforsomethingoratsomeonethatexistshearandnow.Itcouldn’tbesorrowfulforsomelostloveorlostbone.Thisindicatesthedesignfeatureof__________.A.culturaltransmissionB.productivityC.displacementD.duality9.__________answerssuchquestionsashowweasinfantsacquireourfirstlanguage.A.PsycholinguisticsB.AnthropologicallinguisticsC.SociolinguisticsD.Appliedlinguistics10.__________dealswithlanguageapplicationtootherfields,particularlyeducation.A.LinguistictheoryB.PracticallinguisticsC.AppliedlinguisticsD.ComparativelinguisticsII.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.(10%)11.Languageisameansofverbalcommunication.Therefore,thecommunicationwayusedbythedeaf-muteisnotlanguage.12.Languagechangeisuniversal,ongoingandarbitrary.13.Speakingisthequickestandmostefficientwayofthehumancommunicationsystems.14.Languageiswrittenbecausewritingistheprimarymediumforalllanguages.15.Wewereallbornwiththeabilitytoacquirelanguage,whichmeansthedetailsofanylanguagesystemcanbegeneticallytransmitted.16.Onlyhumanbeingsareabletocommunicate.17..DeSaussure,whomadethedistinctionbetweenlangueandparoleintheearly20thcentury,wasaFrenchlinguist.18.AstudyofthefeaturesoftheEnglishusedinShakespeare’stimeisanexampleofthediachronicstudyoflanguage.19.Speechandwritingcameintobeingatmuchthesametimeinhumanhistory.20.Allthelanguagesintheworldtodayhavebothspokenandwrittenforms.III.Fillintheblanks.(10%)21.Language,broadlyspeaking,isameansof__________communication.22.Inanylanguagewordscanbeusedinnewwaystomeannewthingsandcanbecombinedintoinnumerablesentencesbasedonlimitedrules.Thisfeatureisusuallytermed__________.23.Languagehasmanyfunctions.Wecanuselanguagetotalkaboutitself.Thisfunctionis__________.24.Theorythatprimitivemanmadeinvoluntaryvocalnoiseswhileperformingheavyworkhasbeencalledthe__________theory.25.Linguisticsisthe__________studyoflanguage.26.Modernlinguisticsis__________inthesensethatthelinguisttriestodiscoverwhatlanguageisratherthanlaydownsomerulesforpeopletoobserve.27.Onegeneralprincipleoflinguisticanalysisistheprimacyof__________overwriting.28.Thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisa__________study.29.Saussureputforwardtwoimportantconcepts.__________referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallmembersofaspeechcommunity.30.LinguisticpotentialissimilartoSaussure’slangueandChomsky’s__________.IV.Explainthefollowingterms,usingexamples.(20%)31.Designfeature32.Displacement33.Competence34.SynchroniclinguisticsV.Answerthefollowingquestions.(20%)35.Whydopeopletakedualityasoneoftheimportantdesignfeaturesofhumanlanguage?Canyoutelluswhatlanguagewillbeifithasnosuchdesignfeature?（南开大学，2004）36.Whyisitdifficulttodefinelanguage?（北京第二外国语大学，2004）VI.Analyzethefollowingsituation.(20%)37.Howcanalinguistmakehisanalysisscientific?（青岛海洋大学，1999）第二章：语音I.Choosethebestanswer.(20%)1.Pitchvariationisknownas__________whenitspatternsareimposedonsentences.A.intonationB.toneC.pronunciationD.voice2.Conventionallya__________isputinslashes(//).A.allophoneB.phoneC.phonemeD.morpheme3.Anaspiratedp,anunaspiratedpandanunreleasedpare__________ofthepphoneme.A.analoguesB.tagmemesC.morphemesD.allophones4.Theopeningbetweenthevocalcordsissometimesreferredtoas__________.A.glottisB.vocalcavityC.pharynxD.uvula5.Thediphthongsthataremadewithamovementofthetonguetowardsthecenterareknownas__________diphthongs.A.wideB.closingC.narrowD.centering6.Aphonemeisagroupofsimilarsoundscalled__________.A.minimalpairsB.allomorphsC.phonesD.allophones7.Whichbranchofphoneticsconcernstheproductionofspeechsounds?A.AcousticphoneticsB.ArticulatoryphoneticsC.AuditoryphoneticsD.Noneoftheabove8.Whichoneisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtoplacesofarticulation?A.[n]B.[m]C.[b]D.[p]9.Whichvowelisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtothecharacteristicsofvowels?A.[i:]B.[u]C.[e]D.[i]10.Whatkindofsoundscanwemakewhenthevocalcordsarevibrat