供应链管理10

CHAPTER10WarehousingCopyright©2001byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin10-2Costtrade-offsinMarketingandLogisticsProductOrderprocessingandinformationcostsInventorycarryingcostsPlace/customerservicelevelsOrderprocessingandinformationcostsPriceLotquantitycostsWarehousingcostsTransportationcostsLOGISTICSMARKETINGCopyright©2001byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin10-3UsesofWarehousing•Manufacturingsupport•Product-mixing•Consolidation•BreakbulkCopyright©2001byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin10-4FactorsInfluencingWarehousingintheFuture•Time-Thebestwarehouseoperationsarethosedesignedtoreduceeveryaspectofordercycletime.•Quality-Usersnowexpectperformancethatapproachesperfection.•Assetproductivity-Reducetotalcost,reuse,andrecycle.•Newkindofworkforce-Requirementsforbothmanagementandlaborwillchangesignificantly.Copyright©2001byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin10-5AdvantagesofPublicWarehousing•Conservationofcapital•Useofspacetomeetpeakrequirements•Reducedrisk•Economiesofscale•Flexibility•Taxadvantages•SpecificknowledgeofstorageandhandlingcostsCopyright©2001byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin10-6DisadvantagesofPublicWarehousing•Effectivecommunicationmaybedifficultbecauseofsystemincompatibility•Specializedservicesmaynotalwaysbeavailable.•Spacemaynotbeavailableondemand.Copyright©2001byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin10-7AdvantagesofPrivateWarehousing•Control•Flexibility•Lesscostly•Betteruseofhumanresources•Taxbenefits•IntangiblebenefitsCopyright©2001byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin10-8TheRelationshipofDemandtoWarehouseSize0102030405060708090100110120Jan.Feb.Mar.Apr.MayJuneJulyAug.Sep.Oct.Nov.Dec.Time(months)Inventory(‘000units)PublicwarehousingPrivatewarehousingCopyright©2001byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin10-9DeterminantsofStorageSpaceRequirementsInflation/forwardbuyingTheseSituationsIncreasetheNeedforStorageSpaceMarketorcompanyexpansionShorterproductlifecycleIncreaseinnumberofSKUsCross-dockingEliminationofdistributorsExpansionintospecializedproductsImport/exportitemsLengthenedproductionprocessIncreaseinminimummanufacturinglotsizeRequirementforfasterresponsetimeCarrierperformingconsolidationTheseSituationsDecreasetheNeedForStorageSpaceDecreaseinproductionorsalesDecreaseinnumberofSKUsLessvolatiledemand(includinglongerproductlifecycles)CustomerhandlesstoredeliverySmallermanufacturinglotsizesSmallerpurchaseamountsHigherinventoryturnsBetterinformationDirectstoredeliveryonaquickresponsebasisQuickertransportationCopyright©2001byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin10-10ComparisonofTraditionalCostingVersusActivity-basedCostingGeneralledgerviewofwarehousingcostsActivity-basedviewofwarehousingcostsStorageandhandling……………...$40.1Generalandadministration………...30.9Truckinganddelivery………………14.5Freightconsolidation………………..2.4Value-addedservices………………...3.3Total……………………………...$91.2Drystorage………………………...…$25.0Refrigeratedstorage………………….…8.1Receiving………………………………20.0Shipping…………………………...…..18.8Billing…………………………………...3.2Delivery…………………………………6.0Packaging/stenciling…...……………….1.8Freightconsolidation……………………3.0Materialhandlingequipment…………...5.3Total………………………………….$91.2Source:TerranceL.Pohlen,“ActivityBasedCostingforWarehouseManagers,”WarehousingForum9,no.5(May1994),p.1.