第1章分析化学概论1.称取纯金属锌0.3250g,溶于HCl后,定量转移并稀释到250mL容量瓶中,定容,摇匀。计算Zn2+溶液的浓度。解:2130.325065.390.0198825010ZncmolL2.有0.0982mol/L的H2SO4溶液480mL,现欲使其浓度增至0.1000mol/L。问应加入0.5000mol/LH2SO4的溶液多少毫升?解:112212()cVcVcVV220.0982/0.4800.5000/0.1000/(0.480)molLLmolLVmolLLV22.16VmL4.要求在滴定时消耗0.2mol/LNaOH溶液25~30mL。问应称取基准试剂邻苯二甲酸氢钾(KHC8H4O4)多少克?如果改用22422HCOHO做基准物质,又应称取多少克?解:844:1:1NaOHKHCHOnn1110.2/0.025204.22/1.0mnMcVMmolLLgmolg2220.2/0.030204.22/1.2mnMcVMmolLLgmolg应称取邻苯二甲酸氢钾1.0~1.2g22422:2:1NaOHHCOHOnn1111210.2/0.025126.07/0.32mnMcVMmolLLgmolg2221210.2/0.030126.07/0.42mnMcVMmolLLgmolg应称取22422HCOHO0.3~0.4g6.含S有机试样0.471g,在氧气中燃烧,使S氧化为SO2,用预中和过的H2O2将SO2吸收,全部转化为H2SO4,以0.108mol/LKOH标准溶液滴定至化学计量点,消耗28.2mL。求试样中S的质量分数。解:2242SSOHSOKOH0100%10.108/0.028232.066/2100%0.47110.3%nMwmmolLLgmolg8.0.2500g不纯CaCO3试样中不含干扰测定的组分。加入25.00mL0.2600mol/LHCl溶解,煮沸除去CO2,用0.2450mol/LNaOH溶液反滴定过量酸,消耗6.50mL,计算试样中CaCO3的质量分数。解:32CaCOHClNaOHHCl001()2100%100%1(0.2600/0.0250.2450/0.0065)100.09/2100%0.250098.24%cVcVMnMwmmmolLLmolLLgmolg9今含有MgSO4·7H2O纯试剂一瓶,设不含其他杂质,但有部分失水变为MgSO4·6H2O,测定其中Mg含量后,全部按MgSO4·7H2O计算,得质量分数为100.96%。试计算试剂中MgSO4·6H2O的质量分数。解:设MgSO4·6H2O质量分数xMgSO4·7H2O为1-x100.96%=1-x+x×6H2O)M(MgSO4)7HM(MgSO24Ox=11%96.10067MM=1455.22847.2460096.0=0.1217若考虑反应,设含MgSO4·7H2O为n1molMgSO4·6H2O为n2mol样本质量为100g。n=n1+n2n246.47=100.96n1228.455+n2246.47=10018n1=0.96n=0.253m(MgSO4·6H2O)=nMMgSO4·6H2O=0.053226.45=12.18=10018.12=0.121810.不纯Sb2S30.2513g,将其置于氧气流中灼烧,产生的SO2通入FeCl3溶液中,使Fe3+还原至Fe2+,然后用0.02000mol/LKMnO4标准溶液滴定Fe2+,消耗溶液31.80mL。计算试样中Sb2S3的质量分数。若以Sb计,质量分数又为多少?解:2232462365SbSSbSOFeKMnO232323550.0200/0.031800.0005366220.000530.001060.00053339.68/100%71.64%0.25130.00106121.76/100%51.36%0.2513SbSSbSSbSbSSbncVmolLLmolnnmolmolmolgmolwgmolgmolwg12.用纯As2O3标定KMnO4溶液的浓度。若0.2112gAs2O3在酸性溶液中恰好与36.42mLKMnO4反应。求该KMnO4溶液的浓度。解:323345104AsOAsOMnO故4410005KMnOmcVM440.2112100050.02345(/)36.42197.8KMnOcmolL14.H2C2O4作为还原剂。可与KMnO4反应如下:-+2+2244225HCO+2MnO+6H=10CO+2Mn+8HO其两个质子也可被NaOH标准溶液滴定。分别计算0.100mol·L-1NaOH和0.100mol·L-1KMnO4溶液与500mgH2C2O4完全反应所消耗的体积(mL)。解:224224224350010005.55310()90.035HCOHCOHCOmnmolM2242HCONaOH224333225.5531011.10610()11.106100.111()111()0.100NaOHHCONaOHNaOHNaOHnnmolnVLmLc224425HCOKMnO422433225.553102.22110()55KMnOHCOnnmol44432.221100.0222()22.2()0.100KMnOKMnOKMnOnVLmLc16.含K2Cr2O75.442g·L-1的标准溶液。求其浓度以及对于Fe3O4(M=231.54g·mol-1)的滴定度(mg/mL)。解:2272272275.442294.180.01850(/)1KCrOKCrOKCrOncmolLV3422722734/20.01850231.5428.567(/)FeOKCrOKCrOFeOTcMmgmL18.按国家标准规定,化学试剂FeSO4·7H2O(M=278.04g·mol-1)的含量:99.50~100.5%为一级(G.R);99.00%~100.5%为二级(A.R);98.00%~101.0%为三级(C.P)。现以KMnO4法测定,称取试样1.012g,在酸性介质中用0.02034mol·L-1KMnO4溶液滴定,至终点时消耗35.70mL。计算此产品中FeSO4·7H2O的质量分数,并判断此产品符合哪一级化学试剂标准。解:245FeMnO4243735.70550.020343.63110()1000FeSOHOMnOnnmol424242427777FeSOHOFeSOHOFeSOHOFeSOHOmnMmm33.63110278.0499.76%1.012故为一级化学试剂。20.CN-可用EDTA间接滴定法测定。已知一定量过量的Ni2+与CN-反应生成Ni(CN)24,过量的Ni2+以EDTA标准溶液滴定,Ni(CN)24并不发生反应。取12.7mL含CN-的试液,加入25.00mL含过量Ni2+的标准溶液以形成Ni(CN)24,过量的Ni2+需与10.1mL0.0130mol·L-1EDTA完全反应。已知39.3mL0.0130mol·L-1EDTA与上述Ni2+标准溶液30.0mL完全反应。计算含CN-试液中CN-的物质的量浓度。解:2NiEDTA222239.30.013010000.01703(/)30.01000NiEDTANiNiNinncmolLVV222425.000.017034.257510()1000NiNiNincVmol410.10.01301.31310()1000EDTAEDTAEDTAncVmol234()1.177810()EDTACNNinnnmol31.1778100.0927(/)12.71000CNCNCNncmolLV