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第二单元第二篇课文详解（新标准第三册）(2011-09-1021:08:53)转载标签：教育Culturalchildhood不同文化的童年阅读1-3段，回答问题：whatdoesthewritersayaboutchildren?完成课后第1题第一段①：WhenIlookbackonmyownchildhoodinthe1970sand1980sandcompareitwithchildrentoday,itremindsmeofthatfamoussentence“Thepastisaforeigncountry:Theydothingsdifferentlythere”.回顾七八十年代的童年时光,与现在孩子的童年比较,就会想起一句名言:往昔是异国他乡,那里有不同的习俗Lookbackon:review;examine;remember;recollect;recall.Lookbackonthepast/childhoodThechildreninthepasthadverydifferentlivesfromthechildrentoday.②：Eveninarelativelyshortperiodoftime,Icanseetheenormoustransformationsthathavetakenplaceinchildren’slivesand(theenormoustransformation)inthewaystheyarethoughtaboutandtreated.甚至在相对\比较短暂的时间,也能够察觉到儿童的生活以及人们对待儿童的方式上所经历的巨大变化.Relatively:rather,fairly,quite相对地,比较而言;相当I’mrelativelyeasytogetalongwith.我比较好相处。Enormous:enormousroom;enormousamountofmoney.extremelylargeTransformation:change变化;转变;变形;变质Therewasanoticeabletransformationinhisappearance.他的容貌有了明显的变化。Transform;transfer;transaction;transistor;transition;transitionalparagraph过渡段；transmit传输；发射；translate;transplant;transportThat从句是定语从句第二段:重点分析段落结构。1)为主题句，today,ahundredyearsago,now①：LookingfurtherbackIcanseevastdifferencesbetweencontemporaryandhistoricalchildhoods.回顾更久远的岁月,可以看到现在和古代童年生活的巨大差别.Further:~explainVast:vastdesert;avastamountofmoney;extremelylargeContemporary:modern,present当代～Americanhistory②：todaychildrenhavefewresponsibilities,theirlivesarecharacterizedbyplaynotwork,schoolnotpaidlabour,familyratherthanpubliclifeandconsumptioninsteadofproduction.现在儿童责任少,生活主要内容是玩而不是工作,上学而不是劳动,在家里呆着而不是和外界交往,消费而非生产.Responsibility:duty.Familyresponsibility;socialresponsibility;Supportfamily,moralresponsibility;Arecharacterizedby:60年代的特点是学生运动Thiselectionischaracterizedbyviolence.Labour:workTheLabourParty;Peasantsarelabouringinthefields.Workhardusingtheirhands劳动Consumption(use;make,create):consume,consumerbuythingsservices,耗尽，吃光，喝光③：Yetthisisallrelativelyrecent.这种变化也是最近才显现出来的Yet:however,nevertheless,still④：Ahundredyearsago,a12yearoldworkinginafactorywouldhavebeenperfectlyacceptable.一百年前,12岁的孩子在工厂打工是完全可以接受的事情Acceptable:itisbecomingmoreacceptableforwomentodrink.Onlineloveisbecomingincreasinglyacceptabletoyoungpeople.Commonpopular⑤：Now,itwouldcausesocialservicesinterventionandtheprosecutionofbothparentsandthefactoryowner.而现在,这会招来社会服务机构的介入,其父母和工厂主会被起诉.Intervention:intervene.Theywouldintervene.Theywouldgetinvolvedandtrytochangeit.Militaryintervention;governmentintervention美国、联合国介入Prosecution:prosecute.Theparentsandfactoryownerwillbeprosecuted(bechargedwithcrimeandputontrial).Childlabour掌握词：whenIlookbackonmychildhood,……Enormoustransformationshavetakenplaceinchildren’slives.Acceptable写作文会用Trans词缀；第二段的结构前两段写作练习：enormoustransformation;acceptable;causeinterventionandprosecution第三段：①：ThedifferencesbetweentheexpectationsplacedonchildrentodayandthoseplacedontheminthepastareneatlysummedupbytwoAmericanwriters,BarbaraEhrenreichandDeirdreEnglish.两位美国作家简要概括了过去和现在人们对儿童的期待的差异.句子结构分析：主谓宾Expectation:stronghope,strongbeliefContrarytogeneralexpectation,heannouncedthattheyallhadgiventheirapproval.Pastparticiple,作定语，表示被动Sum:neatly:accurately,properly,恰当，简要②：ComparingchildhoodsinAmericatodaywiththoseoftheAmericancolonialperiod(1600-1776),theyhavewritten:“Today,afouryearoldwhocantiehisorhershoesisimpressive.在比较美国现在的儿童和殖民地时期(1600–1776)的儿童时,她们写道:今天,如果一个四岁的孩子能自己系鞋带就很了不起了Impressive:Themovieisveryimpressive.Impressesyou.Incolonialtimes,four-year-oldgirlsknittedstockingsandmittensandcouldproduceintricateembroidery:Atagesixtheyspunwool.Agood,industriouslittlegirlwascalled“Mrs”insteadof“Miss”inappreciationofhercontributiontothefamilyeconomy:Shewasnot,strictlyspeaking,achild.殖民地时期,四岁的女孩会织长筒袜和连指手套,能做复杂的刺绣,六岁就能纺毛线了.一个善良勤快的女孩被称为'夫人'而不是'小姐',这是为了表彰她对家庭经济的贡献,严格说来她不是一个孩子了Colony:acolonyisacountrywhichiscontrolledbyamorepowerfulcountry.HongkongwasacolonyofBritain.AmericawasacolonyofBritain.Industrious:workveryhard.勤奋industrialInappreciationof:toshowthatyouaregratefulfor\yourgratitudeAppreciate:Iappreciatewhatyoudidforme.YoualwaysstoodbymewhenImostneededI’mgratefulforwhatyoudid.第四段:完成课后第2题①Thesechangingideasaboutchildrenhaveledmanysocialscientiststoclaimthatchildhoodisa“socialconstructor”.不断变化的对儿童的看法使社会科学家宣称童年是一种社会建构.Claim:saysomethingistruebutyouarenotsurewhethertheyaretellingthetruth.Sheclaimedtobeajournalist.她声称自己是记者。②：Theyusethistermtomeanthatunderstandingsofchildhoodarenotthesameeverywhereandthatwhileallsocietiesacknowledgethatchildrenaredifferentfromadults,howtheyaredifferentandwhatexpectationsareplacedonthem,changeaccordingtothesocietyinwhichtheylive.用这个术语来说明不同的地区对童年的理解不一样,虽然都承认儿童与成年人有区别,至于到底有何不同,人们对儿童又有何期待,不同的社会给出的答案不一样.分析句子结构练习Term:awordorexpressionwithaspecificmeaning,especiallyonewhichisusedinrelationtoaparticularsubject.Medicalterm;chemicalterm专有名词；术语Acknowledge:admit,acceptthatsomethingistrue.第5-6段，完成课后第3题第五段：howdoInuittreattheirchildren,andwhy?①：Socialanthropologistshaveshownthisintheirstudiesofpeopleswithverydifferentunderstandingsoftheworldtowesternones.社会人类学家也表明了这个观点,在研究那些民族时,跟西方国家持有不同世界观的民族。anthropologistsanthropology:isthescientifics