汽车英语翻译技巧背景2.

Ifthecarweretobedriveninastraightlinewithouthavingtobemadeturned,thennodifferentialwouldbenecessary.如果汽车被按照直线去行驶的话，就不需要差速器。Totransferthemotionofthecamupwardtothevalve,additionalpartsareneeded.为了将凸轮的运动传给气门，一些附属装置被需要。Thevalvesarecontrolledbytheelectricalsolenoids阀门被电磁线圈所控制。Commongrounds(共同点）allthepassivevoicesaretranslatedintoactivevoice(所有的被动句都翻译成了被动句)Summary(总结)：duetodifferencesincultureandwayofexpression,weshouldmakesomechangesintranslatingpassivevoiceinEnglishforautomobile(由于文化差异以及语言表达差异，汽车英语中的被动语态应该要做相应的调整以符合中文的表达习惯。)Convertthepassivevoiceintoactivevoice(变被动语态为主动语态）Translationstrategiesforpassivevoice被动语态翻译技巧Preservethepassivevoice(保留原来的被动语态）Translateitintosentencewithoutsubject（译为汉语无主句）TranslateitintoproperChinesestructure(译为合适的中文结构）1．Convertpassivevoiceintoactivevoice(将英语的被动句译为汉语主动句式)passivevoiceiswidelyusedinEnglishwhileactivevoicearefrequentlyused(汉语在习惯和语法上都更倾向于使用主动句式)（1)Passivevoicemaytakemanyformsthefollowingoneisthemostcommonone:be+verb+by+actor.Insuchsituation,theadverbwillusuallybeconvertedintothesubjectwhiletheoriginalsubjectwillbechangedintoobject(英语中最常见的被动形式“by＋施动者”，可将施动者翻译为汉语中的主语。原主语成为译文宾语)Ignitioninadieselisactivizedbythehightemperaturefromthehighlycompressedair.高度压缩的空气点燃了柴油机中的点火系统。Isactivized(被动）点火（主动）Bythehighgtemperaturefromthehighlconpressedair(施动者）高度压缩的空气（主语）Thewheelsoftheautomobileareconnectedtotheframebyasystemofsprings.弹簧系统把汽车的车轮与支架连接起来Areconnected(被动）连接（主动）Bythesystemofsprings(施动者）（主语）（2）Insomecases,thepassivevoicecanbechangedintoactivevoicewiththesubjectunchanged.(保留英语原句中的主语不变，动词在汉语句中改为主动式。)Thefuelisburntinsidethecylinder(passivevoice)燃料在气缸中燃烧(activevoice)thefuel(主语）燃料（主语）Isburnt(被动）燃烧（主动）Thesparkplugisfiredtoignitetheair-fuelmixturepriortothepistonbeingatthet.d.c活塞到达顶点前，火花塞发火点燃烧可燃混合气体Thesparkplug（主语）火花塞（主语）Isfired（被动）点燃（主动）Ifthecarweretobedriveninastraightlinewithouthavingtobemadeturned,thennodifferentialwouldbenecessary.如果汽车直线行驶，就不需要差速器了。thecar（主动）汽车（主动）Weretobedriven（被动）行驶（主动）（3）Toaddapropersubjecttomakethesentencesoundsmoothandauthentic(在汉语句中加入一个适当的主语，使句子更自然流畅。这类施动者在汉语中一般表达为：“人们”、“有人”、“大家”等)Fuzzycontrolisfoundaneffectivewaytocontrolthesystemswithoutprecisemathematicalmodels人们发现，模糊控制是一种不具备精确数学模型的有效方法。译文中增添了主语“人们”Astheseparticlesofforeignmatterarepreventedfromenteringtheenginebyoilfilter,therateofwearofenginepartsisreduced.由于机油滤清器阻止了杂质微粒进入了发动机，这就降低了发动机部件的磨损率译文中增添了主语“这”ItissaidthatNC(numericalcontrol)istheoperationofmachinetoolsbynumbers人们说，数控就是机床用数字来操纵。译文中增添了主语“人们”Itisfeltthat…人们感觉Itisfoundthat…人们发现Itisnoticedthat…人们注意Itissuggestedthat…人们建议Itisestimatedthat…据估计Itisreportedthat…据报道他Itwillbeseenfromthisthat…..由此可见Itmustbeadmittedthat….必须承认2.Preservethepassivevoice(把英语被动句译为汉语被动句)InEnglishpassivevoiceisusedtoputemphasisontheagentoftheaction.inordertokeeptheemphasisontheaction,thepassivevoiceshouldbekeptinChinesetranslation(有些英语被动句旨在强调动作的承受者，这样在翻译时，为了保留原句的强调意义，需要保留被动的形式。汉语中表达被动意义的特殊词汇，如：“被”、“受”、“由”、“为”、“遭”、“给”、“挨”、“让”、“为……所……”等等)Thecaserotateswiththeringgearwhenthedifferentialcaseisdrivenbythedrivepinion当冠状齿轮由传动齿轮驱动转动时，差速器壳也转动Isdrivenbythedrivepinion译为：传动齿轮驱动Intheeventthefiltergetscloggedorobstructed,abypassvalveisprovidedsothatoilwillcontinuetoreachthebearings.如果机油滤清器被阻塞，就得使用分流阀使机油继续流向各轴承。getscloggedorobstructed译为：被阻塞Built-inmask-programmablestoragecircuitsallowmicprocessortobededicatedtospecificcontrolfunctions.内置的掩码程序存储回路，它允许微机用做具体的控制功能tobededicated译为：用做3.Totranslatethepassivevoicesentenceintosentencewithoutsubject.(把英语的被动句翻译成无主语的汉语句)inmanycases,theactor(thedoeroftheaction)donotneedtobementionedorareknown.Whentranslatingthiskindofsentence,itcanbeconvertedintosentencewithoutsubjectwiththesubjectoftheEnglishsentencebeingobject.（英语中的许多被动句不需要或者没必要提出施动者时，汉译时往往可以翻译无主句。）Totransferthemotionofthecamupwardtothevalve,additionalpartsareneeded.为了讲凸轮的运动传给气门，需要一些附属装置。Additionalparts(主语）附属装置（宾语）译文中无主语Inthe4-strokeengine,fourstrokesofthepistoninthecylinderarerequiredtocompleteoneoffulloperatingcycle在四冲程发动机中，需要四个行程来完成一个工作循环。Fourstrokesofthepiston(主语）四个冲程（宾语）译文中无主语只有宾语InsomeEnginesabeltandchainarebothused.在一些发动机中，同时使用皮带和链条传动来驱动。abeltandachain(主语）皮带和链条（宾语）译文中主语被省略，主语变成了宾语4.RemoldtheChinesesentencedependingontheconcretesituations.(译成符合汉语表达习惯的句子结构)Theringgearisattachedtothedifferentialcase.冠状齿轮与差速器壳相连（此句并未译成“被连接到”而译成了“与…相连.更加符合中文的表达习惯.)Manymorecombinationsarepossibleusingtwoormoreplanetarysetsconnectedinvariouswaystoprovidethedifferentforwardspeedsandreversethatarefoundinmodernautomatictransmissions.两排或三排以上的简单星行齿轮机构进行不同的组合，就形成了现代自动变速器各个前进档和后退档.(整个后置定语提前，被动语态的的动宾结构转换成了名词结构，整个句子根据了中文的表达习惯进行了重组。)EXERCIESES①Theair-fuelmixtureissuckedfromthecarburetorintothecylinder②Whenthemixtureiscompressedbythepistoninthecylinderandignitedbyanelectricspark.③Smalldieselenginesareusuallyusedinpassengercarsandlightcommercialvehicles.④Thefuelisinjectedintotheintakeportsatthestartoftheinductionstroke.练习参考答案汽油混合物从进气气缸活塞压缩混合气体，点火点燃混合气体客车及小型商用车辆通常使用小型柴油机。进气冲程开始时，燃油从进气空中喷射进去