世界银行环境与社会安全保障政策

EnvironmentalandSocialSafeguards世界银行环境与社会安全保障政策December2,2006BeijingContentContextandRationaleforSafeguards安全保障政策的产生背景和意义LessonsfromBank-ChinaExperience世行中国项目经验LookingForward前景展望ContextandRationale安全保障政策的产生和意义WhatareSafeguardPolicies?什么是安全保障政策Setofcorporate/governmentlaws,principles,regulations,andproceduresaimedatreducingandmitigatingtheunintendedorunavoidableenvironmentalandsocialimpactsofdevelopmentprojectsandprograms一整套旨在减缓项目或规划带来的环境与社会影响的法律、法规、原则和程序。EvolutionofBank’sSafeguardPolicies世行安全保障政策的历史Leadingdevelopmentagencyrepresentinginternationalstandard作为联合国发展机构，代表着国际标准ConcernsfromPartiesandcivilsociety成员国对声誉的关注以及来自民间组织的关注1980s,OperationDirective八十年代建立的业务导则1994,PolicyonDisclosureofInformation(revisedin2001)1994年制定信息公开政策（2001年修订）1999,OperationPolicies(10+1)1999年形成安全保障政策Newpoliciesevolves新的政策还在不断发展WhyHaveSafeguardPolicies?为什么要安全保障政策Informdecisionmaking科学决策Buildconsensusondevelopmentalternatives合理方案比选Reduceunforeseenproblemsandissues减少未预见的问题Preventcostlydelaysandstoppages防止项目延迟或停工Minimizeorpreventsdisputes减少/预防争端Sustaindevelopmentimpact支持项目环境/社会效益Buildpublicconfidence增强公众信任TheBank’sSafeguardPoliciesEnvironmentalAssessment环境评价NaturalHabitats自然栖息地SafetyofDams大坝安全PestManagement病虫害管理PhysicalCulturalResources物质文化遗产Forests林业InvoluntaryResettlement非自愿移民IndigenousPeoples少数民族PublicDisclosure信息公开TheEquatorPrinciplessupportbusinessandsustainabledevelopmentTheEquatorPrinciples:setofvoluntaryguidelinesforthemanagementofenvironmentalandsocialissuesinthefinancingofprojects,developedbyglobalfinancialinstitutions,arebasedontheprinciplesoftheIFCInJuly6,2006,inLondon,the“Equator”banks-agroupofover40financialinstitutionswhichtogetherrepresentover80%ofglobalprojectfinancing–committedtostrengtheningtheirenvironmentalandsocialriskmanagementsystemsofprojectsfinancedbytheirinstitutionsLessonsfromBank-ChinaExperience世行中国项目经验SafeguardsPoliciesattheNationalLevel中华人民共和国环境保护法中华人民共和国环境影响评价法建设项目环境保护条例(国务院令第253号）建设项目环境保护管理办法(国务院环委会、国家计委、国家经委（86）国环字第003号）关于加强国际金融组织贷款建设项目环境影响评价管理工作的通知建设项目环境保护分类管理名录其他部门的法律法规：森林法、土地法、海洋法、文物法WorldBank-China:ACommonSafeguardFrameworkAgendaSpiritofsafeguardssystemsaresimilar...世行与中国安保政策原则一致Moresimilaritiesthandifferences相似多于不同Wheredifferencesexistthereareworkablesolutions:些许不同也有可行的解决办法：–ScreeningandScoping筛选/范围–AnalysisofAlternatives比选方案分析–Natureandscopeofstakeholderconsultations相关利益方参与的性质和范围–Implementationstilllacking实施欠缺–Specialneedsprogramssuchasethnicminorities特殊要求，如少数民族–EmergenceofresettlementchallengesintheUrbanfringeareas城郊结合部移民拆迁的挑战PublicParticipationinLiaoningUrbanTransportProjectPreparationAwarenessfordecisionmakers:validating‘Bankmessages’提高决策者意识Projectdesign:Dramaticchangesinemphasis项目设计发生巨大变化，更加关注：–Secondary&tertiaryroadimprovements次干路、支路的改善–Trafficmanagement,especiallytheseparationofMV/NMVtraffic交通管理，机非分离–Strongerattentiontosidewalksandpedestrian’sneeds关注人行道和行人需求Latentissueswerepickeduptotakecareoftheurbanvulnerable关注城市弱势群体–Streetlights路灯–Publictransport公交Interestininstitutionalization制度化ParticipatoryMonitoringofProjectImplementation,Chongqing重庆城市环境项目参与式监测选择咨询委员会通告项目信息现场调查公众征询会咨询委员会会议报告持续监测采取措施公众参与项目ERMLookingforward前景展望China:MovingtoHigherSafeguardStandardsRecognizebasicprinciplesofinternationalgoodpractice采纳国际最佳实践的基本原则Legislativechangeshaveimprovedregulatoryframework立法的改变改善了管理框架Upstreaming:strategicEAsforplansandprograms上升至战略环评Growingpublicinterestanddemand公众意识和需求的提高Improvedrulesforpublicparticipationinsafeguardsprocess公众参与办法的改善Bankmovingtogreateremphasisonpractical&positiveelementsofsafeguardsUsingsafeguardpoliciesasentrypointforevaluatingdevelopmentalternatives评估不同发展方案Enhancingtheparticipatorycontentofprojectsthroughsafeguardpolicies加强项目的公众参与Usingtheenablingprovisionsofsafeguardpoliciesforpolicydevelopment促进政策的发展Workingtogethertosolveproblems…ActionsTakentoDate迄今为止采取的行动–Establishedproceduresforprocessingrepeaterprojects为类型相同的重复项目的审批制定程序–Simplifiedclearanceprocedures审批程序简化–PilotprogramforChinatoreduceneedforEnglishtranslationsofsafeguardsdocumentforselectedprojects减少文件翻译DecisionontranslationstobemadeatPCNstage在项目初审期确定翻译量ImplementationunderwayandwillcontinuethroughFY07已经开始实施Qualitywillnotbecompromised质量不打折–ModifiedinternalreviewproceduressothatmajorityofprojectreviewsareconductedinChineseusingstandardtemplates,andguidelines内部程序调整，大部分项目采用标准的指南审查中文–SeniorEnvironmentalEngineerpositionhasbeenfilledandwillmovetoBeijing在北京办公室派驻高级环境专家Caseexamples:SUDP;WuhanUrbanTransport;UrumqiUrbanTransportWorldBank-China:ACommonSafeguardFrameworkAgendaExtensivecollaborationthroughinvestmentprojectsprograms通过项目进行密切合作Supportinganalyticalwork(AAA,thematicreviews)支持研究工作SupportofStrategicEnvironmentalAssessments(SEA)支持战略环评Simplificationagenda程序简化InConclusion…ApplyingsoundenvironmentalandsocialsafeguardspracticesinChinatoprojectdesign,construction,andoperationisgoodfor:在中国项目的设计、建设和运行中应用环境与社会保障政策有益于：Businessandcompetitiveness:soundprojects,moreefficiency,lessdelays竞争力：良好的项目、效率Theenvironment:avoidanceofadverseimpacts,mitigationandcompensation环境：避免、减缓不利影响Thecommunities:moreparticipationandownership社区：更多的参与和主人翁意识Theinternationali