从歧视词汇看英语语言中的性别歧视现象

()20075(935)JournalofInnerMongoliaAgriculturalUniversity(SocialScienceEdition)No.52007(Vol.9SumNo.35)从歧视词汇看英语语言中的性别歧视现象*(淮阴工学院外语系,江苏淮安223001):语言是社会文化的载体,源于社会又反映社会性别歧视作为一种普遍存在的社会现象,必然会在语言这一社会交际工具中有所体现本文仅从歧视词汇入手,通过具体例证揭示英语语言中的性别歧视现象,分析其存在的社会经济文化等若干因素,同时阐述其发展趋势,并指出随着人们对性别歧视语言的重视,性别歧视这一社会现象会逐渐弱化甚至根除,从而实现社会的平等和谐:歧视词汇;英语语言;性别歧视;发展趋势:H313:A:1009-4458(2007)05-0373-02,,;,,,,,,,,,,1.,,,:host()hostess(),hero()heroine(),prince()princess(),-ess-ine,,,kingkingdom,queenqueendom,awomanlawyer,awomandoctor,-or-er,,,,,,,,amalebaby-sitter,amalenurse2.,,,:malemaleorhumanrace;womanfemale;heheorheandshe;sheshebusinessman(),manpower(),chairman()man,,,,Lakoff(1975):Heisaprofessional.()Sheisaprofessional.()Heisfast.()Sheisfast.(),,,(Lomgman,1981),bacheloranunmarriedmanwhoisregardedasverysuitabletobechosenasahusband(),spinster(sometimesderogatory)anunmarriedwomanusu.onewhoisnolongeryoungandorseemsunlikelytomarry(,)*:2007-05-24:(1982-),,,,,,3.,,(:ladiesandgentlemen,!ladyfirst∀),:husbandandwife(),kingandqueen(),,,:Now,Ipronounceyoumanandwife(husbandandwife).()man()wife()manoflettersmanoftheworld;#∃,ManoftheWorld,,,,,,!∀,Silverman,Whitmanman;-sonJohnson,Davidsonson,Silverperson,Johnperson,,1.,,,,,,Bollinger(1980),Bollinger:1.Ourpeoplearethebestgamblersinthegalaxy.Wecompeteourpower,fameandwoman.(,,,);2.Thebravepioneerscrossedtheplainswiththeirwives,theirchildrenandtheircattle.():,2.,,,,#∃:(Adam),!∀,(Eve),,,!∀(JesusChrist),,:(Eris)(ThewarofTroy),,,,,3.,,,,(:HousewifetoRunforCongress),,,SimonedeBeauvior(1961)#TheSecondSex∃,,,,,,,,,(CivilRightsMovement)(Feminism),!∀,,,,,Ms.Mrs.()Miss.(),,Mr.pn.(person),Miss.,Mrs.Mr.,,chairwoman,policewoman,,(380)374()20075(935),,,,,,,,3,%3:[1]Cloran,C.Context,MaterialSituationandText[A].InMohsenGhadessy(ed.).TextandContextinFunctionalLinguistics[C].Amsterdam:JohnBenjminsPublishingCompany,1999.[2]Granger,S.Thebe+pastparticipleconstructioninspokenenglish[M].Amsterdam:ElsevierSciencePublishersB.V.,1983.[3]Halliday,M.A.K.AnIntroductiontoFunctionalGrammar[M].London:EdwardArnold,1994.[4]Halliday,M.A.K.TextasSemanticChoiceinSocialContexts[A].InJonathanWebster(ed.).LinguisticStudiesofTextandDiscourse[C].London:Continuum,2002.[5]Halliday&Hasan.CohesioninEnglish[M].London:LongmanGroupLtd.,1976.[6]Hawthorne,N.TheScarletLetter[M].London:theContinentalBookCompanyAB,1946.[7]Quirk,R.etal.AComprehensiveGrammaroftheEnglishLanguage[M].London:LongmanGroupLtd.,1985.[8]Siewierska,A.ThePassive:AComparativeLinguisticAnalysis[M].London:CroomHelemLtd.,1984.[9]Verschueren,J.UnderstandingPragmatics[M].London:Arnold,theHodderHeadlineGroup,1999.[10]何兆熊.新编语用学概要[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,1999.[11]胡壮麟.语篇的衔接与连贯[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2000.[12]徐盛桓,黄国文.英语被动结构选择的若干问题[J].外国语,1985(2).[13]钟书能.信息结构英汉被动句主位强调说置疑[J].外国语,1997(5).[14]鲁苓.语言言语交往[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2004.[15]何自然,于国栋.#语用学的理解∃Verschueren新作评介[J].现代外语,1999(4).[16]申立,诸沛浩.泛读教程(EnglishReader)[M].开封:河南大学出版社,1995.[17]王志军.英汉被动句对比研究[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2005.[18]胡明扬.基本句式和变式[J].汉语学习,2000(1).(374)businesspersonbusinessman;personnel,staffmanpower;congressperson,memberofcongresscongressman,,,Everyoneneedshisownspace.:Allpeopleneedtheirownspace.(everyone,theirhis),,,,,,,,,,,%:[1]Bollinger.TheLoadedWeapon[M].London:Longman,1980.[2]DeBeauvior,S.TheSecondSex[M].NewYork:Bantam,1961.[3]Wardhaugh,R.AnIntroductiontoSociolinguistics(3rded.)[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2000.[4]Lakoff,R.LanguageandWomen&sPlace[M].NewYork:Harper&Row,1975.[5]丁言仁,郝克.英语语言学纲要[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2001.[6]祝畹瑾.社会语言学概论[M].湖南:湖南教育出版社,1992.[7]朱文俊.人类语言学论题研究[M].北京:北京语言文化大学出版社,2000.[8]曹先娥.英汉语言中的性别歧视现象[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(社会科学版),2004(2).[9]孙晓岚.浅谈英语语言中的性别歧视[J].外语学刊,2001(3).[10]刘娜.英汉性别歧视语言的对比分析管窥[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(社会科学版),2004(3).[11]任静生.再论英语中的性别歧视问题与对策[J].西安外国语学院学报,2002(1).380()20075(935)