法律英语考试相关要点

法律英语考试相关要点一、三条法谚。1、Powertendstocorrupt,andabsolutepowercorruptsabsolutely.权利导致腐败，绝对的权利绝对的权力导致绝对的腐败。2、Justasfiduciarylawistheconstitutionofprivatepower,theconstitutionisthefiduciarylawofpublicpower.正如诚信法是私权力的宪法一样，宪法是公权力的诚信法。3、Sunlightissaidtobethebestofdisinfectants;electriclightthemostefficientpoliceman.阳光据说是是最好的杀毒剂，路灯光是最有效的警察。阳光据说是消毒剂中最好的；路灯据说是最有效率的警察。二、Disclosurephilosophy.JustasJudgeLouisD.Brandeissaid,Sunlightissaidtobethebestofdisinfectants;electriclightthemostefficientpoliceman.Disclosuremeansaremedyforsocialandindustrialdiseasesgenerallyandforexcessiveunderwriters'chargesspecifically.三、公司治理双重权利模式。双重权利模式，是指公司治理结构中权力由私权力和公权力两部分组成，私权力必须借助公权力予以制约和监督。【Abstract】Powerallocationisoneofthetwocoresofcorporategovernance,andscholarshaveputforthvariousmodelsofpowerallocation.Comparedwiththeexistingmodelsofpowerallocation,thispaperputsforthanewmodelofpowerallocation—dualpowermodel,whichisnormative,positive,descriptiveandpredicative.Nomatterwhatmodelofpowerallocationisadopted,thepowerofdirectorsandmanagementtendstoexpand,whichhasalsobecomealong-lastinglogic.TheAlibabaPartnershiphasdedicatedlyintegratedpartnershipmechanismandcorporatemechanism,andtheinstitutionalrevolutionofcorporategovernancethusrealizedalsodemonstratestheexpandingattributeandtrendofprivatepowerofcorporations,andthustheregulationofdualpowerincorporategovernanceisnecessary.（注：根据张老师在课堂上的讲解，此题的答案需要对他论文摘要的再简写，中文部分是我摘抄老师论文中的原文，详见《公司治理中的权利配置模式再认识》，法学论坛）四、简述善意原则与诚信原则。（可以用中文）UnderDelawarecorporatelaw,adirectorofaDelawarecorporationhasafiduciarydutytothecorporationanditsshareholders.Thisdutyhastwocomponents:thedutyofcareandthedutyofloyalty.Thedutyofcarerequiresthatadirectoractingoodfaith,withthecarethatanordinarilyprudentpersonwouldexerciseundersimilarcircumstances.Underthisduty,adirectormustinformhimselfof,anddisclosetoshareholders,allmaterialinformationreasonablyavailableregardingasignificanttransaction.Thedutyofloyaltyrequiresthatadirectoractinamannerheorshereasonablybelievestobeinthebestinterestsofthecorporation.Heorshemustnotusehisorhercorporatepositionforpersonalgainoradvantage.Thisdutyprohibitsself-dealingbyadirectorandmandatesthatthebestinterestsofthecorporationanditsshareholderstakeprecedenceoveranyinterestpossessedbyadirector,officerorcontrollingshareholderandnotsharedbytheshareholdersgenerally.Ingeneral,actionsofadirectorarepresumedtohavebeenmadeonaninformedbasis,ingoodfaithandinthehonestbeliefthattheactiontakenwasinthebestinterestsofthecorporation.However,thispresumptionmayberebuttedbyevidenceofabreachofoneofthefiduciaryduties.Shouldsuchevidencebepresentedconcerningatransactionbyadirector,adirectormustprovetheproceduralfairnessofthetransaction,andthatthetransactionwasoffairvaluetothecorporation.AsamatterofCaymanlaw,adirectorofaCaymanIslandscompanyisinthepositionofafiduciarywithrespecttothecompanyandthereforeheowesthefollowingdutiestothecompany—adutytoactbonafideinthebestinterestsofthecompany,adutynottomakeaprofitbasedonhisorherpositionasdirector(unlessthecompanypermitshimtodoso),adutynottoputhimselfinapositionwheretheinterestsofthecompanyconflictwithhisorherpersonalinterestorhisorherdutytoathirdparty,andadutytoexercisepowersforthepurposeforwhichsuchpowerswereintended.AdirectorofaCaymanIslandscompanyowestothecompanyadutytoactwithskillandcare.Itwaspreviouslyconsideredthatadirectorneednotexhibitintheperformanceofhisorherdutiesagreaterdegreeofskillthanmayreasonablybeexpectedfromapersonofhisorherknowledgeandexperience.However,EnglishandCommonwealthcourtshavemovedtowardsanobjectivestandardwithregardtotherequiredskillandcareandtheseauthoritiesarelikelytobefollowedintheCaymanIslands.（注意，本题的答案尚不确定，这段英文是老师上课讲过中文的，个人感觉答案可能出自这里。）五、证券法的宗旨。Thecommissionshouldconsidertheactionisnecessaryorappropriateinthepublicinterest,inaddition,thecommissionshouldalsoconsidertheprotectionofinvestors,promoteefficiency,competitionandcapitalformation.（根据老师课堂讲解，证券法的宗旨有五大宗旨）。六、披露的要求。上市公司需要发行文件，定期报告重大信息。Disclosureshouldtrue,accurateandcomplete;andshouldnotuntruestatement,misleadingstatementandanyomissiontostatematerialfactsorinformation.七、中英互译（参见红宝书第301页，第345条）第345条（可获得的司法救济）为保护第344条所述利益而可以提供的司法救济，包括以下判决或者判令：（a）授予合同项下应得的款项或者授予损害赔偿，（b）要求特定履行合同或者禁止不履行合同，（c）要求恢复特别事项以防止不当得利，（d）授予一定的金额以防止不当得利，（e）宣告双方当事人的权利，以及（f）强制履行仲裁裁决。ξ345.JUDICIALREMEDIESAVAILABLEThejudicialremediesavailablefortheprotectionoftheinterestsstatedinξ344includejudgmentororder（a）awardingasumofmoneydueunderthecontractorasdamages,（b）requiringspecificperformanceofacontractorenjoiningitsnon-performance,（c）requiringrestorationofaspecificthingtopreventunjustenrichment,（d）awardingasumofmoneytopreventunjustenrichment（e）declaringtherightsoftheparties,and（f）enforcinganarbitrationaward.