搜索
L1:causeofaction诉因,案由socialnorm社会规范substantivelaw,实体法,立法procedurallaw,程序法resolvedisputes,争端解决publiclaw公法privatelaw私法constitutionallaw,宪法administrativelaw,行政法criminallaw,刑法sourcesoflaw,法律渊源coerciveforce,?强制力?civillawsystem,民事法律制度Romanlaw,罗马法judge-madelaw,法官法commonlawsystem,普通法系caselaw,判例法bindingprecedent,有约束力的先例judicialdecision,司法判决ineffect,生效的theUnitedStatesCongress美国国会L2:substantiveright,实体性权利atissue,choiceoflawrule,法律选择规范conflictoflaw,法律冲突choiceofforum,法庭选择intermediateappellatecourt,中间上诉法院trialcourt,审判法庭courtoflimitedjurisdiction,有限管辖法院inferiorcourt,低级法院,下级法院courtofgeneraljurisdiction,普遍管辖权法院atthediscretionof,由....自由裁量districtcourt,地方法院statecourt,州法院thefederalcourtsystem,联邦法院系统subjectmatterjurisdiction,对事管辖权amountincontroversy,争议数额diversityjurisdiction,多元管辖circuitcourt巡回法院“federalquestion”jurisdiction,联邦问题管辖theUnitedStatesCourtofAppeals,美国上诉法院theCourtofAppealsfortheDistrictofColumbia,哥伦比亚区的上诉法院theCourtofAppealsfortheFederalCircuit,联邦巡回上诉法院originaljurisdiction,初审管辖theSupremeCourtoftheUnitedStates,美国最高法院appellatejurisdiction上述管辖L3:adversarysystem,当事人主义judicialprocess,司法程序legalcontroversy,法律争议regulatorylegislation,规范性法规enablinglegislation,授权性法规trialprocedure,审判程序findthefacts,applythelaw,法律适用civilcase,民事案件criminalcase,刑事案件theinquisitorialsystem,纠问制pre-trialinvestigation,庭前审查modeoftrial,庭审模式settlementoffer,directexamination,直接质证crossexamination,间接质证proceduralsafeguard,程序保护interestedparties当事人dueprocess,正当诉讼程序,admissibilityofevidence,证据的可采纳性resorttolaw,诉诸法律resorttoforce诉诸武力L4:commencealawsuit,提起诉讼bringsb.intocourt,提起诉讼courtsofinferiorjurisdiction,filewith把...登记备案federaljurisdiction,minimumcontact最低限度的联系personaljurisdiction,对人管辖权serviceofprocess,送达程序underpenaltyofdefaultjudgment,legalrelief,法律救济servicebypublication,公告送达makeamotiontodismiss,驳回动议pleading-in-answer,答辩状affirmativedefense,积极抗辩counter-claim,反诉nessence实质上L5:theopposingparty,对方pre-trialdiscovery,审前取证takedepositionsof,录取誓词questionsb.underoath,经宣誓后质问某人layabasisfor,为....打基础writteninterrogatory,质询书interrogatingparty,质询方personalinjurycase,人身伤害案compulsoryphysicalexamination,强制体检thependingaction,待决判决theviolatingparty,违反的一方pretrialconference,审前会议settlethesuitsummaryjudgment,即决判决decidethecaseinfavorof,做出有利动议方的判决legitimatefunction,合法功能noticeoftrial,setthecasefortrial,把案件提交庭审jurytrial陪审团判决的案件L6:anactionfordamages,金钱赔偿诉讼constitutionalprovision,impanelthejury,组成陪审团challengeforcause,相对异议peremptorychallenge,绝地异议openingstatement,公开声明发言directedverdict,指令性裁决thenon-movingparty,非动议方chargethejury,给陪审团上课burdenofproof,举证责任preponderanceofevidence,优势证据thelosingparty,post-trialmotion,审后动议judgmentn.o.v.否定陪审团裁决的判决L7:renderajudgmentondefault,作出缺席判决writofexecution,执行令judgmentcreditor,判决债权人judgmentdebtor,判决债务人reversethejudgment,推翻原判writtenbrief,rulingoflaw,法治..（注意不是法制）affirmthejudgment,维持原判modifythejudgment,改判concurringopinion,同意意见dissentingopinion,反对意见resjudicata,已决案件setasideattachment驳回L8criminalprocess,刑事程序deprivesb.of,剥夺某人的findsb.guilty,发现某人有罪therighttoremainsilent,保持沉默的权利therighttobail,doublejeopardy,一事不再罚summaryarrest,即行逮捕grandjury,大陪审团preliminaryhearing,预审nolocontendere,不争辩不提异议pleadguilty,服罪pleabargaining,认罪辩诉协议onprobation,在缓刑期间,在监外执行期suspendedsentence,缓刑reversetheconviction,推翻犯罪writofcertiorariL9（Unit2，L1）ChiefJustice,laydown,providefor,thejudiciary,commander-in-chief,primeminister,Americanpresidency,presidentialdemocracy,regulatoryagency,theInterstateCommerceCommission,theFederalTradeCommission,theFederalSecuritiesandExchangeCommission,theCivilAeronauticsBoard,congressionalelection,theFederalDepositInsuranceCorporation,theExport-importBank,HouseofRepresentatives,theFederalReserveBankSystem,SecretaryofState,expresslegislativecompetency,maritimelaw,PresidentoftheSenate,enterintoforce,two-thirdsmajority,electiondistrict