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三、代词I.代词可以分为以下八大类1人称代词主格I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they宾格me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them形容词性物主代词my,your,his,her,its,our,their名词性物主代词mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,theirs2反身代词myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves3指示代词this,that,these,those,such,some4疑问代词who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whichever,whatever5关系代词/连接代词that,which,who,whom,whose,as6不定代词one/some/any,each/every,none/no,many/much,few/little/afew/alittleother/another,all/both,neither/either7相互代词eachother,oneanotherII.不定代词用法注意点类别区别例句one,some，any和itone可以泛指人或者事（东西），其复数为ones①We’vebeenlookingatthehousesbuthaven’tfound___welikeyet.A.oneB.onesC.itD.them②Carsdocauseussomehealthproblems—infactfarmoreserious_______thanmobilephonesdo.A.oneB.onesC.itD.thosesome可用于疑问句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答复，或表示建议，请求等—Yourcoffeesmellsgreat!—It’sfromMexico．Wouldyoulike________?A.itB.someC.thisD.1ittlesome和any修饰可数名词单数时，some表示某个，any表示任何一个①Ihavereadthisarticleinsomemagazine.Pleasecorrectthemistakes,ifany.②—WhichofthethreewaysshallItaketothevillage?—________wayasyouplease.A.EachB.EveryC.AnyD.Eitherone指同类中的一个，it指代同一种类的东西。此外it还可以作形式主语、形式宾语和用于强调句型中。—Thereisstillacopyofthebookinthelibrary.Willyougoandborrow?—No,I’dratherbuyinthebookstore.A.it;oneB.one;oneC.one;itD.it;itsome多用于肯定句，any多用于疑问句和否定句①There’s________cookingoilinthehouse.Wouldyougotothecornerstoreandget________.A.1ittle,someB.1ittle,anyC.alittle,someD.alittle,any②Wehadthreesetsofgardentoolsandweseemedtohavenousefor________.A.noneB.eitherC.anyD.each③Hedoesn’thave_________furnitureinhisroom--justanolddesk.A.anyB.manyC.someD.mucheach和everyeach强调个别，代表的数可以是两个或两个以上，而every强调整体，所指的数必须是三个或三个以上①Eachstudenthasapocketdictionary.Each(ofus)hasadictionary.=Weeachhaveadictionary.②Everystudenthasstrongandweakpoints./Everyoneofushasstrongandweakpoints.none和nono等于notany，作定语。none作主语或宾语，代替不可数名词，谓语用单数，代替可数名词，谓语单复数皆可以①Thereisnowaterinthebottle.②Howmuchwateristhereinthebottle?None.③Noneofthestudentsare(is)afraidofdifficulties.other和anotherother泛指“另外的，别的”常与其他词连用，如：theotherday,everyotherweek,someotherreason,nootherway,theother特指两者中的另外一个，复数为theothers①Bothsideshaveaccusedofbreakingthecontract.A.anotherB.theotherC.neitherD.each②Twostudentsinourclassfailed,butalltheotherspassedtheexam.another指“又一个，另一个”无所指，复数形式是others，泛指“别的人或事”①Wehadapicniclasttermanditwasalotoffun，solet’shave______onethismonth．A．theotherB．someC．anotherD．other②Thetrousersaretoolong,pleasegivemeanotherpair/someothers.③Somelikefootball,whileotherslikebasketball.either和neither前者意思为：两者都（两者中任何一方都）；后者意思为：两者都①—Doyouwantteaorcoffee?—______,Ireallydon'tmind.A.noneB.neitherC.eitherD.all②ItwashardforhimtolearnEnglishinafamily,inwhich_____oftheparentsspokethelanguage.A.noneB.neitherC.bothD.each四、形容词和副词I.形容词1.形容词的位置：形容词作定语通常前置，但在下列情况下后置1修饰some,any,every,no和body,thing,one等构成的复合不定代词时nobodyabsent,everythingpossible2以-able,-ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或only修饰的名词之后thebestbookavailable,theonlysolutionpossible3alive,alike,awake,aware,asleep等作定语时后置theonlypersonawake4和空间、时间、单位连用时abridge50meterslong5成对的形容词可以后置ahugeroomsimpleandbeautiful6形容词短语一般后置amandifficulttogetonwith7enough修饰名词时可以前置也可以后置，但修饰形容词或副词时要后置______totakehisadventurecoursewillcertainlylearnalotofusefulskills.(NMET2000)A.BraveenoughstudentsB.EnoughbreavestudentsC.StudentsbraveenoughD.Studentsenoughbrave注意：多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序熟记口诀就可以顺利解题：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠。规则：限定语（The、A）+描绘性形容词+size（小）+shape（形状）+age（年龄、时间）+color（颜色）+origin（国籍、来源）+material（材料）+purpose（目的）+名词。▲This________girlisLinda’scousin.(05北京卷)A.prettylittleSpanishB.SpanishlittleprettyC.SpanishprettylittleD.littleprettySpanish2.复合形容词的构成1形容词+名词+edkind-hearted6名词+形容词world-famous2形容词+形容词dark-blue7名词+现在分词peace-loving3形容词+现在分词ordinary-looking8名词+过去分词snow-covered4副词+现在分词hard-working9数词+名词+edthree-egged5副词+过去分词newly-built10数词+名词twenty-year3.形容词（短语）作伴随状语Ashelookedatthegoat,itrolledover,dead.当他看着山羊的时候，山羊翻了个身，死了。Afraidofdifficulties,theyprefertotaketheeasyroad.由于害怕困难，他们宁愿走好走的路。II.副词的分类：1时间副词soon,now,early,finally,once,recently5频度副词always,often,frequently,seldom,never2地点副词here,nearby,outside,upwards,above6疑问副词how,where,when,why3方式副词hard,well,fast,slowly,excitedly,really7连接副词how,when,where,why,whether,however,meanwhile4程度副词almost,nearly,very,fairly,quite,rather8关系副词when,where,whyIII.形容词和副词的比较等级形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级，比较级和最高级。比较级和最高级的构成一般是在形容词和副词后加-er和-est，多音节和一些双音节词前加more和most。项目例句同级比较时常常用as…as…以及notso(as)…as…Sheisastallashermother.Iamnotas/sogoodaplayerasyouare.双方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级（+than）”的结构表示。要注意题干中将比较的另一方阴藏起来的情况。Thispictureismorebeautifulthanthatone.Ihaveneverseensuchamoreinterestingfilm(thanthisone).表示一方不及另一方时，用“less+原级+than”的结构表示Thisroomislessbeautifulthanthatone.表示一方随另一方变化时用“themore…themore…”句型Theharderyouwork,themoreprogressyouwillmake用比较级来表达最高级的意思Ihaveneverspentamoreworryingday.我从来没有度过这样令人烦恼的一天。（意为：我度过了最为令人烦恼的一天。）倍数的表达表达法一：Aisthree(four,etc.)timesthesize(height,lengthetc.)ofB.Thenewbuildingisfourtimesthesize(theheight)oftheoldone.这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大（高）/这座新楼比那座旧楼大（高）三倍。表达法二：Aisthree(four,etc.)timesasbig(high,long,etc.)asB.AsiaisfourtimesaslargeasEurope.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大/亚洲比欧洲大三倍。表达法三：Aisthree(four,etc.)timesbigger(higher,