知识点状语从句

九大状语从句状语从句是副词性从句，它在句子中担任状语，修饰主句的动词、形容词、副词或句子。根据修饰的方面，状语从句可以分为以下九种。种类从属连词例句说明时间状语从句whenWhenIcameintotheroom,hewaswritingaletter.when指的是“当…时”。※Iwaswalkingalongthestreetwhen(这时)suddenlyTompattedmeontheshoulder.when意为“这时”或“在那时”,这时when分句一般位于句末。whileWhileitwasraining,theywentout.Istayedwhilehewasaway.※Allofusareworkinghardwhileheissleeping.(并列连词“然而”)while指“在某一段时间里”，“在…期间”，while引导的动作必须是持续性的。asHehurriedhome,lookingbehindashewent.他赶快回家，边走边向后看。As(随着)timegoesby,IlikeChinabetter.as（一边...一边）引导持续性动作，强调主句和从句的动作同时发生；“随着”。beforeBeapupilbeforeyoubecomeateacher.IfinishedmytaskbeforeIwenthome.before译为“在…之前,才,就”afterHearrivedafterthegamestarted.在…之后tilluntilWewaitedtill(until)hecameback.直到Shedidn’tstopworkinguntileleveno’clock.直到…才Untilhehadpassedoutofsight,shestoodthere.她站在那里看着，直到看不见他的身影。如主句动词是持续性动作，常用肯定式，表示“直到…为止”；如主句动词是瞬间动词，要用否定式not…until表示“直…才”,从句放在句首表示强调，一般用untilsince自从…以来GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinasince自从1978.主句动词应为持续性的，从句动词为瞬间的。状语从句在主句之前时一般用逗号与主句分开，如从句在主句之后则不必用标点符号。assoonasAssoonasIarriveinShanghai,I’llwritetoyou.“一…就”地点状语从句wherewhereverWherethereiswaterthereislife.Whereveryougo,youmustobeythelaw.无where与wherever意义基本相同，但后者语气较强，多用于书面语。原因状语从句becauseIwaslateyesterdaybecauseIwasill.because用来回答why的问题，语气最强一般放在主句之后sinceSince(既然)everyoneishere,let’sbeginourmeeting.since表示既然或全已知的理由,稍加分析即可表明的原因,多放句首asAs（由于）hedidn’tknowmuchEnglish,helookedupthewordinthedictionary.从句常放在句首，说明次要的原因，主句说明结果，常用于口语中。forItmusthaverainedlastnight,forthefor连接的是并列句。groundisstillwet.目的状语从句sothatinorderthat①IshallwritedownyourtelephonenumbersothatImaynotforget.②We’lltellyouthetruthsothatyoucanjudge（判断）foryourself.③Theyworkedharderthanusualinorderthattheycouldfinishtheworkaheadoftime.目的状语从句中常用情态动词may(might)can(could),should等放在动词之前，从句往往放在主句之后，主从句之间不用任何标点符号。注意sothat和inorderthat的转换。结果状语从句,sothatsoso…that①Weturneduptheradio,sothat（结果）everyoneheardthenews.②Hewassoexcitedthathecouldn’tsayaword.“以致”sothat前有逗号为结果状语从句。so…that的so后面跟形容词或副词，可以与too...to或enough…to转换such…that①Hegavesuchimportantreasonsthathewasexcused谅解.②Itissuchaninterestingnovelthatallofuswanttoreadit.Itissointerestinganovelthatallofuswanttoreadit.such…that的such后面跟名词，如果名词是单数就要用sucha/an…that还可以转换用so…that，语气较强条件状语从句ifunlessas/solongas①Difficultiesarenothingif如果wearenotafraidofthem.②Weshallgotheretomorrowunless除非itrains.=Weshallgotheretomorrowifitdoesn’train.Solongasyouworkhard,youwillsucceed.只要努力，你就会成功。unless从句的谓语只能用肯定式。unless和if…not同义，unless是书面语，if…not是口语，通常二者可以换用。条件状语从句中的谓语动词的时态一般要用现在时或过去时代替一般将来时或过去将来时。方式状语从句asasif／thoughDrawacatas按照Itaughtyouyesterday.Doas按照youaretoldto.Shelooksasif好像sheisill.Heactedasif(though)nothinghadhappened.Theytreattheblackboyasif(though)hewereananimal.此处as译为，按照或正如asif或asthough的意义和用法基本一样。从句中可以用现在时表示可能符合事实，也可以用虚拟语气。让步状语从句thoughalthough①Although(Though)hewasoversixty,(yet仍)hebegantolearnFrench.②Wewerenottiredthough(although)wehadworkedallday.在句子中一般用了“虽然”就不能再用“但是”（but）但可以与yet或still连用。though/although意义相同，用法基本一样，前者通俗、口语化，后者正式多放主句的前面。evenif／thoughI’llgoevenif(though)itrainstomorrow.evenif和eventhough的意思为“即使”多用于书面语中。asChildasheis,heknowsalot.Coldasitis,(=Thoughitiscold,)thechildrenplayoutdoors.as引出的状语从句多用于书面语，它比用though或although引导的从句，语气强，更有表现力，从句常放在句首，语序部分倒装。nomatter(who,whatwhen,how…)Doitnomatterwhat不管什么otherssay.Nomatterhow无论多么busyhewas,hestudiedEnglisheveryday.nomatter……与who-ever引导的让步状语从句意义基本一样，nomatter……引导的从句可是以位于主句前或主句后。wh－ever(whateverwhoever…)Whateverhappens/mayhappen,weshallnotloseheart.Whoevercomes,hewillbewelcome.比较状语从句as…asnotso/as…asMaryisasoldasmysister.Hedoesn’trunso(as)fastasJack(does).连词表示同程度级的比较，肯定句用as…as否定句可用notas(so)…asthanHeboughtfewerbooksthanI(did).Herunslessfastthanme.表示不同程度之比较，主句中用比较级的形容词或副词。themore…themoreThemoreyouread,thebetteryouunderstand.Theharderyouwork,thegreaterprogressyouwillmake.Thesooner,thebetter.越快越好。Thewarmer,thebetter.越暖和越好。意思为越…越…，通常的语序为从句在前主句在后，这两个the都是表示程度的副词，用在比较级的形容词或副词前面。句子意思明显，句子的主语和动词都可省略。注意：时间状语从句(1)当主句是一般将来时、祈使句或主句中含有情态动词，这些词引导的从句要用一般现在时（主将从现）Don’tgotobeduntilyoufinishyourhomework.(2)when，while，as显然都可以引导时间状语从句，但用法区别非常大。一、when可以和延续性动词连用，也可以和短暂性动词连用；而while和as只能和延续性动词连用。①Whydoyouwantanewjobwhenyouvegotsuchagoodonealready？（get为短暂性动词）你已经找到如此好的工作，为何还想再找新的？②Sorry，Iwasoutwhenyoucalledme．（call为短暂性动词）③Strikewhiletheironishot．（is为延续性动词，表示一种持续的状态）趁热打铁。④Thestudentstooknotesastheylistened．（listen为延续性动词）二、when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生；while和as从句的谓语动作必须是和主句谓语动作同时发生。1．从句动作在主句动作前发生，只用when。①Whenhehadfinishedhishomework，hetookashortrest．（finished先发生）②WhenIgottotheairport，theguestshadleft．（gotto后发生）2．从句动作和主句动作同时发生，且从句动作为延续性动词时，when，while，as都可使用。①When／While／Asweweredancing，astrangercamein．（dance为延续性动词）②When／While／Asshewasmakingaphonecall，Iwaswritingaletter．（make为延续性动词）3．当主句、从句动作同时进行，从句动作的时间概念淡化，而主要表示主句动作发生的背景或条件时，只能用as。这时，as常表示“随着……”；“一边……，一边……”之意。①Asthetimewenton，theweathergotworse．（as表示“随着……”之意）③Asyearsgoby，Chinaisgettingstrongerandricher．④Thelittlegirlssangastheywent．小姑娘们一边走，一边唱。⑤Thesadmothersatontheroadside，shoutingasshewascrying．4．在将来时从句中，常用when，且从句须用一般时代替将来时。①YoushallborrowthebookwhenIhavefinishedreadingit．②Whenthemanagercomeshereforavisitnextweek，Illta