短文改错专题讲座

短文改错专题讲座一．大纲解读考试大纲中明确指出，高考英语命题的指导思想是有利于中学素质教育的推进，有利于高校选拔人才，训练学生的综合语言运用能力，以提高学生的实际语言知识的命题原则是：保证知识覆盖面，尽可能增加综合性和语境化的因素，而在语言运用方面，考纲的要求是：语言必须放在实际的，并尽可能不同的情景中运用;语言必须适合具体的交际行为，而高考考查的焦点在于能否达到交际目的。语言交际行为除了以语言能力为主外，还需一些交际能力。沟通能力以及其他能力。以上的命题原则和要求，在短文改错题型中均有体现。从近几年的高考试题中，我们可以看到，短文改错的题型结构相对稳定，考查目标明确，几乎涉及到了中学英语中全部的基础知识。辽宁安徽山东广东湖北四川名词111冠词11111连词和逻辑2221介词12221副词和形容词21231代词11131时态111语态1211谓语与非谓语122主谓一致111二．短文改错的体裁和题材三．短文改错的错误设置类型四．命题原则特点常考的短文改错的错误主要是以下几个方面：一是语法方面，主要测试动词时态和语态，非谓语动词和短语动词；名词.代词的各种形式，形容词和副词以及比较等级的用法；连词.冠词.介词；主谓一致；简单句.并列句和复合句，以及倒装.省略句等。二是在行文逻辑方面，主要考查人物的性别及相应的物主代词或物的数量及相应的物主代词，句子的并列.递进.转折.因果关系；时间的先后顺序等.五．命题最新趋向1.命题难度趋于稳定，近几年的短文改错题的难度系数基本控制在0.55左右。且短文内容符合中学生的生活实际。2.考查知识面越来越广。3.考查知识点越来越侧重实词，如名词，动词,形容词和副词。4.文章中的复合句越来越多。5.越来越注重考查考生对文章的总体把握，如时态前后应一致，人称代词前后一致，主谓一致等。6.体裁衣记叙文为主，词数120左右，句数在8-10句之间，几乎都有一个长达20多词的长句子需要考生判断。六．StepsofproofreadingStep1.Step2Step3Step4七.commonmistakesappearinginthepassage1.AnAmericanandaFrenchmandecidedtocrosstheseabetweenFranceandEnglandintheballoonin1784.2.IgainedsomuchconfidencethatIwentbacktoschoolasnewperson.3.Withcomingofspring,grassandtreesturngreen.4.WhenachildisfiveinEnglandorWales,hisparentsmustsendhimtotheschool.5Afterahourorsowebegantofeelveryfrightened6.2000）suddenly，Icaughtasightofmyenglishteacherinthecrowd.7.2001)wemaybeonefamilyandliveunderasameroof.8.03)myteacheradvisedmetokeepmydiary.A.————————————————————————1.Hehadnoideasthatthekitchenwasnotforguests.2.YourknowledgesofGreececanhelpthewholeclass.3OnthewayupIwasbusytakingpicturesincethescenerywassobeautiful.4Theyhaveallsortsofcourse.5Theydidnotwantmetodoanyworkatfamily.B.————————————————1Ijustsmiledtomeandthought,“WhatcanIdo?”2.Finally,thementhrewawaymostofhisclothestosavethemselves.3.Ireadyoure-mailtomyparentsandshowedthemthephotoyousentittome.4.Ihopethatbothyoutwocouldcomeandvisitussometimesoon.C:————————————————1.Butthenthereisalwaysmoremysteriestolookinto.2Nowmypictureandtheprizeishanginginthelibrary.3Billwasstandingatthesideofthecar,talkingtotwomenwhowashelpinghimtorepairit.D:————————————————1.Wehadguestslastnightwhohavenotstayedinahotelbefore.2Withthecomingofspring,grassandtreeturngreen,andflowersgrewinmanycolours.3Whenoursixchildrenwereyoung,suppertimeisalwaysbeinginterrupted.4Growingupisnoteasy.Sometimesallthatisneedissomeonetorelyon.5ThebikeoutsidemyhouseisbelongedtoTom.E:——————————————1.Theairkeepstheballoonupwasescapingquicklyandtheballoonwascomingdown.2Ijustwanttothankyouforhelpingmebecomingadifferentperson.3Howaboutjoinus?4Theywantedonechildoranothertocomeoutandplayed.5.playfootballnotonlymakesustallandstrong.6.Iwasoftenalittletiredafterdays’workandwatchTVdemandsverylittleeffort.7.myparentswilldoalltheycanmakesurethatIgetagoodeducation.F.——————————————1)Theycamebacklatelyandhadsometea.2.Thetwomenthrewalltheirequipmentintothewatertomaketheballoonlight.(3)Thenewpersononthejobfeelsfairlybetterafterheorshehasplayedtenniswithotherpeopleintheoffice.4.thesportteachesustheimportantofobedience.5.wheneverIseethem,IoftenthinkofmyEnglishteacher.G:————————————————(1)Icameintothelivingroomandsawoneofthemjustgothroughthekitchendoorbutturnonthelight.2Heandsheshouldmaketheclassveryactivebyjokingwiththestudents.330percentofgirlswouldliketobecometeacherswhenonly5percentofboyswanttodothisjob.H:——————————————(1)Becausethehelpyougavemethatsummer,mylifechanged.(2)Whenayoungmanstartstoearnhisownliving,hecannolongerexpectotherstopayhisfood.J.————————1.Lastsummer,IwenttoBeijing,myfirsttimetriptothecity.(2)Twoyearslater,hereturnedbackhome.(3)Itisabout200milesfarawayfromLondon.(4)Manystudentsfeelitthatapopularteachermustbekindandeasy-going.1.冠词的多用、少用和误用2.名词单复数的误用及近义词的混用3.代词指代不一致的错误或代词使用不当4.主谓不一致的错误5.动词的时态和语态的误用6.非谓语动词的误用7.形容词和副词的混用及其比较等级的误用8关联词和平行结构的误用9.固定搭配，习惯用法与介词的误用10.冗词的多用临场应试技巧:做短文改错时只要记住“三歩”，“六原则和“四不改”就能提高得分率。三步：1.通读全文，掌握大意.2.逐句推敲，审查，改正错误.3.复读全文，修订答案.六原则：1.在有错行改动一词。2.改变实词形式，不能将一个实词换成另一个实词.3.最小限度地改变单词形式.4.添加或删除虚词(如冠词，介词等).5.多改正，少添加或删除.6.最大限度地保持句子和短文原意.四不改：1.单词拼写不改.2.大小写不改.3.词序不改.4.标点符号不改.做题要求短文中共有10处错误，错误涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在此符号下面写出修改后的词.删除:把多余的词用斜线（/）划掉修改：在修改的单词下—，并在此符号下面写出修改后的词.