非谓语动词的命题设计常见模式与解题策略

非谓语动词的命题设计常见模式与解题策略海伦六中英语组付立梅教学目标：掌握高考非谓语动词的命题设计常见模式与解题策略教学重点：非谓语动词的命题设计常见模式与解题策略教学难点：非谓语动词在具体语言环境中的运用教学内容：【模式1】名词+不定式（介词）(作定语)【策略】1、把握不定式动词的性质，要不要介词；2、把握不定式的逻辑主语，确定主、被动语态。3、理论指导：当句子的主语为不定式的逻辑主语时用主动形式。①Iwantsomethingtoeat.(Ieat.)②Iwantaroomtolivein.(Iliveintheroom.)③TomorrowIwillgotoBeijing,doyouhaveanythingtobetaken?【模式2】不定式的省略（to）【策略】1、无论肯定或否定，保留到to；2、如果不定式为被动式或完成式，则保留到be/have.①--Wouldyouliketogowithme?--I’dliketo,butIhaveanimportantmeetingtoattend.②Tommylikedtoplayfootballinthestreet,buthismotheralwaystoldhimnotto.③--Ididn’ttellherthebadnews.?Oh,yououghttohave.【模式3】只带to【策略】1、部分动词的记忆；2、序数词+不定式①HepretendednottoseemewhenIsaidhitohiminthestreet.②LaoWangisahard-workingman.Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.【模式4】带不带to【策略】1、从不带to入手，注意例外；2、理论指导：①使役动词(let,make,have等后省to;★get后带to);②感官动词(see,watch,notice,listen,hear,feel等后省to);③but(to)do/except(to)do（谓语部分含实意动词的do则省to;无则带to。）;④why(not)do(wh-词后接不定式的特例)。①Sometimesourteachers____ustodomuchhomework.(let/make/have/get)②Todaymorning,Ihadnothingtodobut(except)___(tosleep/sleep)allmorning.③Inwinter,someanimalshavenochoicebut(except)___(tohibernate/hibernate).④Whynotjoinusinthediscussion?⑤Ioftenhearhimsingthissong.(Hewasoftenheardtosingthissong.)【模式5】表示动作的目的（to）【策略】经过判断如表示动作目的，首先考虑使用不定式。①Weclimbedtothetopoftower___abetterviewofthearea.(getting/got/havinggot/toget)②--Whywasaspecialmeetingcalled?--___.(Toelect/Electing/Ourelecting/Elected)③___timeandlabor,cartoonistsgenerallydrawthehandsoftheircharacterswithonly3fingersandathumb.(Tosave/Saved/Saving/Havingsaved)【模式6】只带doing【策略】1、部分动词的记忆；2、句型结构；3、比较使用不定式的结构（同时关注不定式逻辑主语的引入结构）。★Itis/was(no)+n.(use/good)+doing.（名词后接doing）★Itis/wasnotany+n.(use/good)+doing.（名词后接doing）①Itisnousearguingwithhim.②Itisnouseregrettingthespoiledmilk.★Itis/was+adj.+todosth…(形容词后接todo)★Itis/was+adj.+for/ofsb.+todosth.(不定式逻辑主语的引入结构)【模式7】动名词的复合结构（关注否定式）【策略】1、动名词复合结构的全面掌握（原式和略式—句子成分）；2、理论指导：动名词复合结构由“逻辑主语+动名词”构成。当此结构充当主语时，用原式即“名词所有格或形容词物主代词+动名词”；作宾语或表语时用略式即“名词普通格或宾格代词+动名词”。动名词复合结构的否定式中的not在逻辑主语之后。①___themeetinghimselfgavethemagreatdealofencouragement.(Tomwillattend/Tomtoattend/Tomattended/Tom’sattending)②Davidapologizedfor___toinformmeofthechangeintheplan.(hisnotbeingable/hisbeingnotable/himnottobeable/himtobenotable)③Isthereanypossibilityofthefilm___inParisInternationalFestival?(tryingout/triedout/totryout/beingtriedout)【模式8】后接不定式与动名词之别【策略】1、基本理论；2、特别句型（参见模式6）；3、理论指导：①双接，无含义差别；②双接，含义差别不大（长短期习惯）；③双接，含义不同（记忆特别的动词）；④特别的动词有：stopdoingsth/stoptodosth（停止做某事/停下来去做某事）rememberdoingsth/remembertodosth（记得做过某事/记住要去做某事）meandoingsth/meantodosth（意味某事/打算做某事）forgetdoingsth/forgettodosth（忘记做过某事/忘记去做某事）trydoingsth/trytodosth（试着做某事/尽力去做某事）needdoingsth/needtodosth（某事需要被做/需要去做某事）can’thelpdoingsth/can’thelptodosth（情不自禁做某事/不能帮忙做某事）【模式9】主动表被动【策略】1、基本理论和基本句型。2、理论指导：●英语中有些动词形式上是主动结构，但意义是被动的。如：wash,open,write,sell,let,blame等。①Thiskindofclothwasheseasily.②Thedooropenseasily.③Thepenwriteswell.④Thenovelsellswell.●beworthdoing中的doing主动表示被动(比较beworthyof结构)。①Thesebooksareworthreading.(只接动名词)②Thesebooksareworthyofbeingread/toberead.（既接动名词又接不定式）●英语中有些动词，如want,need,require等后接动名词时主动表示被动，但接不定式时却用被动形式。①Thebikeneedsrepairing/toberepaired.②Thisplanrequiresdiscussing/tobediscussed.●形容词后接的不定式作状语时主动表被动。①ThearticleswrittenbyLuxunarehardtoread.②Heishardtogetalongwith.【模式10】独立分词（结构）/独立主格结构【策略】1、从分析句子结构着手，注意主动（现在分词）和被动（过去分词），2、几点例外（例⑤⑥）。3、理论指导：当句子的主语与独立结构中的动词不形成逻辑上的主谓（主动）或动宾（被动）关系时，根据全句的含义加上自己的逻辑主语，此时形成独立主格结构；部分非谓语动词词组需单独使用，此时形成独立分词（结构）。①___afinesay,wedecidedtogooutforapicnic.(Having/Being/What/Itbeing)③Thesoldierrushedintothecave,hisrighthand___agunandhisface___withsweat.(held,covered/holding,covering/holding,covered/held,covering)④Time___(permitting/permitted),theywillstarttodoanewjob.⑤Totell(you)thetruth/believeitornot/lostinthought/suppose…⑥Considering/Judging/Generallyspeaking/supposing…【模式11】连词+分词（-ed）【策略】1、定语从句和状语从句与分词结构的相互转换，状语从句中的连词可保留；2、分词多为-ed分词，如动词为不及物动词类则用-ing分词。①When___whyhewaslatefortheconcert,themanmadenoanswer.(asking/toask/ask/asked)②The18-storeyedbuilding,when___,willshutoutthesunlightingtherooms.(completing/complete/completed/tocomplete)③Itshamesmetosayit,butItoldaliewhen___atthemeetingbytheboss.(questioned/questioning/havingquestioned/tobequestioned)④If___ill,I’llstayathome___agoodrest.(falling,taking/tofall,taking/fall,totaking/falling,take)【模式12】?ed分词（be+-ed+prep.）【策略】1.基本词组的记忆与略化（省略be后的结构）;2.标志词by/as①___atfailingintheexam,Johnfeltunhappy.(Disappointed/Tobedisappointed/Disappointing/Havingdisappointed)②___inapoorfamily,hisparentscouldn’taffordtopayhisschooling.(Born/Beingborn/Bearing/Havingbeenborn)④___bythebeautyofnature,thegirlfromLondondecidednottogohome.(Attracting/Attracted/Tobeattracted/Havingattracted)⑤LindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningCompany,___as3M.(knowing/known/beingknown/tobeknown)【模式13】-ed.与?ing.【策略】1、主动与被动；2、人（-ed）与物(-ing)。①Weallfelt___(exciting/excited)atthe___news.(exciting/excited)②Thebabywas___(terrifying/terrified)bythe___(terrifying/terrified)charactersinthemovie.③The___(puzzling/puzzled)expressiononherfacesuggestedthatshewas___(puzzling/puzzled