研究生英语阅读教程(基础级第二版)1-10课文及课后习题答案翻译

Lesson1II.VocabularyA.Choosethebestwordfromthefourchoicestocompleteeachofthefollowingsentences.1.Therehasbeenmuchoppositionfromsomesocialgroups,______fromthefarmingcommunity.A.straightforwardlyB.notablyC.virtuallyD.exceptionally2.The______viewinBritainandotherWesterncountriesassociatesagingwithdecline,dependency,isolation,andoftenpoverty.A.predominantB.credulousC.inclusiveD.sustainable3.Butgiftssuchasthesecannotbeawardedtoeverybody,eitherbyjudgesorbythemost___ofgovernments./rewardrewardingA.toughB.demandingC.diverseD.benign4.Theforemanreadthe______ofguiltyfourteentimes,oneforeachdefendant.A.prejudiceB.verificationC.verdictD.punishment5.Theyfearitcouldhavea(n)______effectonglobalfinancialmarkets.A.sizeableB.adverse(negative)C.beneficialD.consequential6.TheUNthreatenedto______economicsanctionsifthetalkswerebrokenoff.A.engageB.pursueC.abandon/abundantD.invoke7.Thereareatleastfourcrucialdifferencesbetweenthenew______andtheoldgovernment.A.regimeB.hegemonyC.complexD.federation/fedal-federal,confederate)8.Thesequestions______achallengetoestablishedattitudeofsuperioritytowardtheoutsideworld.A.evolveB.Constitute形成C.tolerateD.aroused9.Becauseofthis,astrongadministrative______wasneededtoplantheuseofscarceresources,organizeproductionandregulatedistribution.A.apparatusB.constitutionC.insistenceD.promotion10.Ilearntthattherearenogenuinely______animalsinthisarea,alltheanimalswerebroughtherefromotherplaces.A.endangeredB.domesticatedC.indigenousD.extinctB.ChoosethehestwordorexpressionfromthelistgivenforeachHonkUseeachwordorexpressiononlyonceandmakeproperchangeswherenecessary.pointupbyandlargetakeindescentforgoodorillleaveasidecrystalcleardieoutendangerlay...atthedoorof1.Thebookconcludeswithareviewofthepossibleimpact(influence)ofmoreintimatecomputersforgoodorill,invariousareasofhumanlife.2.Moreover,ithadbecomeclearfromtheopinionpollsthattheunpopularityofthenewtaxwasbeinglaidatthedoorofthegovernmentwhichhadintroducedit,ratherthanthelocalauthoritieswhowereresponsibleforlevyingandcollectingit.3.Thiscasegavetheexampleofbreakingsomeone'sarm:thatisareallyseriousinjury,butonewhichisunlikelytoendangerthevictim'slife.4.ManyofthosewhoholditliveinpoorareasandsomeareColored,thatis(i.e./namely),ofmixedEuropeanandAfricandescent.5.Thisdebateisimportantbecauseitpointsup(stress/emphasize)thatthefactsarenotnecessarilyassimpleandstraightforwardastheymightatfirstsightseem.6.Inthebeginning,themeaningoflifemightbedebated,butoncepastthefirstperiod,manyoftheconversationsfollowawell-wornroutefromonetopictothenextandbackagain,takinginmostofhumanlife.7.Butsinceagricultureformsthebasis(base)ofourindustry,itwas,byandlarge(onthewhole),alsoanintensificationofthecrisisinthenationaleconomyingeneral.8.Letusleaveasideotherrelevantfactorssuchaseducation,careerstructure,payandconditionsofserviceandconcentrateon(focuson)manpowermanagement.(relateAtoB)9.Itistruethattheexactnatureofthisissueisuncertain.However,onethingiscrystalclear:itwillnotendangertheplanetanditsinhabitants.10.Butifanimalpopulationsaretoosmall,thentheysimplydieout.III.ClozeTherearetenblanksinthefollowingpassage.Readthepassagecarefullyandchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesgivenforeachblank.[criteria:(1)semantic/(2)grammatic]AsimplifiedformoftheEnglishlanguagebasedon850keywordswasdevelopedinthelate1920sbytheEnglishpsychologistCharlesKayOgdenand1bytheEnglisheducatorI.A.Richards.KnownasBasicEnglish,itwasusedmainlytoteachEnglishtonon-English-speakingpersonsand2asaninternationallanguage.ThecomplexitiesofEnglishspellingandgrammar,however,weremajor3totheadoptionofBasicEnglishasasecondlanguage.ThefundamentalprincipleofBasicEnglishwasthatanyidea,4complex,maybereducedtosimpleunitsofthoughtandexpressedclearlybyalimitednumberofeverydaywords.The850-wordprimaryvocabularywas5600nouns(representingthingsorevents),150adjectives(forqualitiesand_6),and100generaloperationalwords,mainlyverbsandprepositions.Almostallthewordswerein7useinEnglish-speakingcountries.Morethan60percentofthemwereone-syllablewords.Thebasicvocabularywascreated8byeliminating9theuseof18basicverbs,suchasmake,get,do,have,andbe.Numerouswordswhichhavethesameorsimilarmeaningsandbyverbs,suchasmake,get,do,have,andbe.Theseverbsweregenerallycombinedwithprepositions,suchasup,among,under,in,andforward.Forexample,aBasicEnglishstudentwouldusetheexpression“goup”10ascend.(Semantic/grammaticalcriterion)1.A.createdB.publicizedC.inventedD.operated2.A.provedB.providedC.projectedD.promoted3.A.advantagesB.objectionsC.obstaclesD.facileties4.A.howeverB.whateverC.whereverD.whenever5.A.comprisedofB.madeofC.composedofD.constitutedof6.A.personalitiesB.propertiesC.preferencesD.perceptions/perceive)7.A.commonB.ordinaryC.averageD.nonprofessional8.A.inallB.attimesC.forgoodD.inpart/partially)9.A.experiencingB.exchangingC.excludingD.extending10.A.inspiteof=despiteB.infavorofC.insteadofD.incaseofII.TranslationPutthefollowingpassagesintoChinese.1.ForEnglishisakiller.ItisEnglishthathaskilledoffCumbric,Cornish,NornandManx.Therearestillpartsoftheseislandswheresizeablecommunitiess