1/17高中定语从句总复习教案定语从句适用学科高中英语适用年级高中三年级适用区域全国使用人教版教材地区课时时长(分钟)240分钟知识点1、关系代词、关系副词的基本用法;2、as引导的定语从句用法;3、关系代词that与which引导定语从句的区别;4、as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别;5、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句;6、非限制性定语从句教学目标1、掌握定语从句中关系代词及关系副词的用法;2、能区分关系代词that与which的用法;3、掌握as引导的定语从句的用法;4、能区分as与which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别;5、能区分定语从句与名词性从句的区别。教学重点1、关系代词、关系副词的基本用法;2、as引导的定语从句用法;3、关系代词that与which引导定语从句的区别;4、as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别;2/175、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句;6、非限制性定语从句教学难点1、关系代词、关系副词的基本用法;2、as引导的定语从句用法;3、关系代词that与which引导定语从句的区别;4、as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别;5、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句;6、非限制性定语从句教学过程一、复习预习1、对上节课课后作业中的问题进行查漏补缺;2、导入:e.g.Sheisabeautifulgirl.Sheisabeautifulgirlwhodrivesmecrazy.二、知识讲解(一)定语从句定义1、定语从句:在复合句中,修饰某个名词或代词的句子(做这个名词或代词的定语)叫定语从句,定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面。2、先行词:被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词。3、关系词:用来引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。关系代词的种类:3/17关系代词:that,which,who,whom,whose,as关系副词:when,where,why4、定语从句结构:先行词+关系词+定语从句。a、Thereshesawawallofwaterthatwasquicklyadvancingtowardsher.b、InJapan,someonewhoseesanotherpersonmakingthegesturewillthinkitmeansmoney.c、Visitorscangoonexcitingrideswheretheycanfeelwhatitisliketodothethingstheyhaveseentheirheroesdointhemovie.d、OprahWinfreyisablackwomanwhoserisetofameisaninspiringstory.(二)定语从句分类限定性定语从句:从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明,对先行词起修饰限定作用,从句与先行词紧密相连,缺少它则句义显得不完整,一般不用逗号隔开。非限定性定语从句:对先行词进行补充说明,解释,它与先行词关系松散,用逗号隔开。1、ThemanwhogavemethisbookisTom.(限定性)2、Tom,whoisreadingabook,ismyclassmate(非限定性)(三)关系代词1、who指人,在定语从句中作主语。4/17e.g.ThemanwhoissittingunderthetreeisaGerman.2、Whom指人,在句中做宾语,可省略,但在做介词的宾语是只能用whom,不能用who。关系代词前有介词时不能省略。e.g.Iknowthegirl(whom)theteacherisspeakingto.Iknowthegirltowhomtheteacherisspeaking.3、whose,作定语,可指人或物e.g.Everyoneheplpsthechildwhoseparentsaredead.Theyarethelazystudentswhosehomeworkwasn’thandedin.4、that指人或物,多指物,作主语(不能省略)或宾语(可省略)e.g.Heisthefinestcomradethathashelpedus.Thisisaplantthatgrowsinthenorth.5、which,指物,在句中做主语(不能省略),或宾语(可省略)。e.g.Thisisaplantwhichgrowsinthenorth.☆常用that不用which的情况1、当先行词是all,everything,anything,nothing,much,little,none,one等不定代词时,只用that。歌诀助记:不定代词这路货,全用that准没错。PayattentiontoeverythingthatIdo.2、当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,只用that。歌诀助记:先行词前被限定,千万不要用which。Thisisthebestnovel(that)Ihaveread.5/173、如果出现两个或两个以上的先行词,并同时兼指人和物时,关系代词用that。歌诀助记:两项并列人与物,引导定从用that。Theyweretalkingaboutthepersonandthingsthattheyrememberedinschool.4、当先行词被theonly,thelast,theway,thesame等修饰时。ThisisthelasttimethatIshallgiveyoualesson.5、在疑问词which开头的特殊疑问句中,为了避免重复只用that。Whichofthestudentsthatknowssomethingabouthistory.6、当被修饰的成分是数词时,(被修饰成分是代名词one,指人时除外)只用that.I’vegotonethatyoumightbeinterestedin.☆常用which,不用that的情况1、引导非限制性定语从句。Football,whichisaninterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.全世界都踢足球,它是一项有趣的运动。2、直接放在介词后作宾语时(介词+关系代词结构中)。Languageisthemostimportanttoolwithoutwhichpeoplecan'tcommunicatewitheachother.语言是最重要的工具,没有它,人们便无法交流。6/17(四)关系副词1、when指时间(1)在定语从句中作状语,先行词主要为一些时间名词(year,day,time,week等),但时间名词在从句中作主语,宾语时,应用that,which,不能用whene.g.I’llneverforgetthetimewhen(duringwhich)weworkedonthefarm.作状语Istillrememberthedaythat/whichishisbirthay.做主语Heregrettedthedaysthat/whichhespentonplay.做宾语(2)Itisthefirsttimethat…句型中,that是习惯用法,不用when。e.g.ItisthefirsttimethatIhavebeentotheGreatWall.2、where指地点(1)指前面的地点,在从句中作状语。e.g.IknowthefactorywhereIworkedtwentyyearsago.(2)指地点,在句中作主语,宾语时不能用where,须用that/which.e.g.Thisisthehousewherehehaslivedfor20years(作状语).Thisisthehousethathehaslivedinfor20years.(作宾语)e.g.Thisistheshool{inwhich/wherewestudyeveryyear.(作状语)Thisistheshoolthat/whichwevisitedyesterday.(作宾语).(3)当先行词为某个方面、情况、阶段、位置等的词时使用关系副词3、why表示原因7/17“thereasonwhy….that….”中,不能用because代替that.e.g.That’sthereasonwhy(forwhich)hedidn’tcometoschool.Thereasonwhyhedidn’tattendthemeetingisthathewasill.但reason在从句中做宾语时,关系代词用that/which,可省略e.g.Idon’tbelievethereason(which/that)hegaveme.(五)“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句当先行词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,往往可以把介词放在关系代词之前,构成“介词+关系代词(whom/which)”结构。但一些短语如lookafter等中的介词不能与动词分开,故不能放在关心代词之前。确定介词时:一是,依据定语从句中动词所需要的某种习惯搭配;二是,依据先行词的某种习惯搭配;三是,根据所要表达的意思来确定。e.g.That’sthereasonwhy(forwhich)hedidn’tcometoschool.(六)非限定性定语从句关系代词在非限定性定语从句中的用法。指人做主语用who,作宾语用whom,指地点用where,指时间when,指物只用which,不能用that,作定语用whose。e.g.Hedidn’tseethefilm,whichwasveryinteresting.(不用that)(七)as引导的限制性定语从句A.such….as和thesame…as的用法8/17such….as:像….一样的,像…..之类;thesame…as:和…..同样的在这两个句型中,as是关系代词,such和same作定语,修饰主语里的某个名词(或代词),这个名词是由as引导的定语从句的先行词,as在从句中可担任主语、宾语或表语。Eg:Wehavefoundsuchmaterialsasareusedintheirfactory.(在从句中作主语)Iseldomgivemystudentssuchadifficultproblemastheycannotworkout.(在从句中作宾语)Theresultisnotthesameastheyhadexpected.(在从句中作宾语)重点比较:thesame…as…和thesame…that…thesame…as…:和…..相同(代指同类事物);thesame…that…:和….相同(代指同一事物)两者都引导定语从句。as从句中说明的名词与thesame修饰的名词是同一类,而非同一个。that从句中说明的名词与thesame修饰的名词是同一个。Eg:Heisreadingthesamebookthatyouboughtyesterday.Heisreadingthesamebookasyouboughtyesterday.ThisisthesamepenthatIlost.=ThisisthepenthatIlost.(指同一支笔)Thisisthesame(kind/type/sort)ofpenasIlost.(指同类型的笔,但并不是我丢失的那一支)9/17B.….suchas…的用法….suchas…中的such为代词,意思是“这样的人或物”,as在从句中作宾语,修饰先行词such。Eg:ThisbookisnotsuchasIexpect.HetoldmeofhisexperiencesuchasIhadneverhadbefore.相关链接:suchas还有“诸如,例如,像…那样的”的意思,此时后面跟名词或名词短语等。Eg:Theyboughtalotoffruit,suchasapples,oranges,etc.(八)as引导的非限制性定语从句as可以像which一样引导非限制性定语从句,用来代表整个句子的内容,它的先行词可以是名