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Somelessonsonautumnabortionsyndrome秋季流产综合征的几点经验教训Urinarytractinfectionsarepresentinsowfarmsatratesgoingfrom17to45%andabove.Whenvulvaedischargesareseen,anelevatednumberofanimalsarealreadyaffectedandsomeareirrecoverable.Insightintotheproblem–anditsrelationtoclimate–isonesteponthewaytoprevention.在母猪场，尿路感染的比率从17%—45%不等，甚至更高。当肉眼可见外阴分泌物时，说明受影响的动物数量明显增多，并且有一部分是无法救治的。对于这个问题，深入了解其与气候的关系是预防的一个步。ByDiegoPadoan,DVM,Biomin,ItalyThewell-knownAmericanauthorandjournalistHalBorlandoncewrote:“Forthefalloftheyearismorethanthreemonthsboundedbyanequinoxandasolstice.Itisasummingupwithoutthefinalityofyearsend.”美国著名作家、记者HalBorland曾经写道：“以秋分和和冬至为界，今年的秋天会超过3个月。这是一个小结，而不是一年的结尾”。Whenreadingthisarticle,thehotsummeronthenorthernhemispherehasalreadypassed,cropshavebeenharvested,somehavestillgrapestogather,butthegeneralattitudeistoslowtowardwinter.Itisafavourableseasonfortheanimals;theairiscomfortableanddoesn'tneedtobecooledorwarmed,barnwindowscanbekeptopendayandnight.Animalkeepingappearseasier,worksrunwithoutpitching,onlytoputagainincyclethesowsthatfailedduringhotweatherandthatcometoheatmoreoftenbetween44and53days.当阅读这篇文章时，炎热的夏天在北半球已经过去了，庄稼已经收割了，一些地方还在采摘葡萄，但总体的趋势是向冬季缓慢过渡。对动物来说，这是一个有利的季节；空气是舒适的，不需要降温或加热，畜舍的窗户在白天和黑夜都可以保持开放。动物饲养更容易，运营不需要调节，当天气炎热时，只要在周期内再次投入循环代替淘汰的母猪，高温一般持续44—45天。Duringintermediateseasonsitisalwaysadvisabletotakespecialcareofsows'urinarytracts.在中间季节，通常可以适当采取特殊方法照顾母猪的尿路。Butthisisreallytheseasonofsumming,toremembertoswitchfromsummerfeeding,otherwiselighterpigsaregoingtocostproducersmoney.Somediseases,suchasPorcineReproductiveandRespiratorySyndrome(PRRS)orErysipelas,appeartobemoreaggressive,itissimplyduetoalittledecreaseinimmunereactionthathappensinthisperiod,totemperaturefluctuationsthataredramaticinintermediateseasons,tochangesinfeedinganditisduetoashorternumberofhoursofdaylight.Inthisperiodthestoredfeedsarenearlyatanend,rawmaterialsthatstayedayearlong,withalltheirchargeofdecayandmouldcontamination;thosewhohavealreadystartedwithnewlyharvestedcorn,sometimesstillfermenting,shouldcarryoutchemicalteststoknowwhatisbeingfedtotheanimals,toknowfeatures,contaminantsandmycotoxins,andusethisexperiencethroughthenextyear.这真是一个需要合计的季节，记得从夏季喂养开始转换，否则体重较轻的猪将开始浪费生产者的钱。有些疾病，如猪繁殖与呼吸综合征（PRRS）或猪丹毒，显得更具攻击性，它只是由于在这个时期免疫反应减少、中间季节温度的急剧波动、饲喂的转换以及光照时间变短。在这一时期，储存的饲料基本用完，原材料放置了一年，应该管理好所有的腐败和霉变污染；那些已经开始用新收获的玉米，有时还在发酵，应进行化学测试鉴定被用来喂动物的饲料是什么情况，知道它的特征、污染物和霉菌毒素，并用这些经验坚持到明年。AAS秋季流产综合征Inshort,autumnisthemomentoftheso-calledautumnabortionsyndrome(AAS).Sowsmayabortnormalfoetusesfrom30to110dayswithoutsignsoffeverortoxemia.Well-knownpighealthauthorsM.MuirheadandT.Alexanderconsiderthathistoricallysowsonlyproducedonelitterperyearandtherewouldbeanin-builttendencynottomaintainapregnancyduringthesummerandautumnperiod,asinthattimeenvironmentalfactorsarelikelytocausethecorpusluteumtodisappear.Declineinbloodprogesteroneduringtheautumnmaybeassociatedwithadeclineofdaylight.AnyfactorcausinganincreaseinlevelsofprostaglandinsF2άcanbeinvolved.总之，秋季是所谓的秋季流产综合征（AAS）爆发的季节。母猪可能在30—110没有出现发热和毒血症的情况下终止妊娠。众所周知，猪的健康作者M.Muirhead和T.Alexander认为，历史上一年只产一窝的母猪每年会有一个先天性的趋势，就是在夏天和秋天不能维持妊娠，在当时的环境因素都有可能导致黄体消失。在秋季，血液孕酮的下降可能与光照时间下降有关。任何导致前列腺素F2ά水平增长的因素都可以参与。Seasonalityofreproductiveperformanceisevidentandinfluencedbybothenvironmentalandmanagementfactors,andcannotbeageneticallycontrolledtrait.ItislikelythatmanyabortionsoccurwithoutaninfectiousagentandthereisanincreasedincidencefromSeptembertoDecember.Neworunknownpathogensareoftencalledtoberesponsible(immune-depression,PRRS),serologictestingofaffectedsowsfailstodemonstrateapathologicagent.TheprevalenceofundiagnosedabortionsresultedinthecommontermofAAS.Acombinationofenvironmental(temperatureingestationfacilities),nutritional(marginalenergyintake),andmanagerialfactorspredisposeorcontributetosetthesyndrome.Thataside,theinfluenceofholidaysandlocalfestivalsonworkers'careforanimalsshouldneverbeunderestimated.繁殖性能的季节性是显而易见的，由环境和管理因素的影响，并不能是一个基因控制的性状。很可能许多流产的发生并没有一种传染性的病原体，在9月到12月发病率会有一些增加。新的或未知的病原体，通常被称为负责（免疫抑制，PRRS），受影响的母猪血清学试验未能证明病理变化。不明原因的流产率是AAS中常见的术语。综合环境（妊娠设施温度）、营养（边际能量摄入）和管理因素或导致综合征的发生。除此之外，节日和当地传统节日对工人关心动物的影响是不可低估的。Preparation准备Whenconsideringautumnfromthispointofview,thewordsofBorlandappearlesscryptic.Wisesowkeepersrecoveranimalsfromsummerstressandpreparethemforthecomingwinter.Duringintermediateseasonsitisalwaysadvisabletotakespecialcareofsows'urinarytracts,ratherthanrelyingonmedication,assomefarmersandveterinariansliketodo.从这一点考虑秋天的话，Borland的话显得不那么神秘。明智的母猪饲养员从夏季的压力中恢复动物，并为即将到来的冬天做准备。在中间季节，一些农民和兽医要做的是采取特殊措施照顾母猪的尿路，而不是依靠药物。Physiologyismadeofasetofverywell-balancedmechanisms.Extremeseasonssuchaswinter,althoughmainlysummer,areabletodramaticallyaltermanyequilibriaandkeepsomebodyorgansandapparatusesundercriticalsituations.Inordertohelpthesowemergefromthesummerandfacethenewseasoninthebestphysicalshapeconsequencesshouldbeavoided.Allproblemsaretobefacedstepbystep.Acombinationofenhancedphysiologyduetoelevatedtemperatures,lackofperspirationinpigs,and,asiscommonlyseen,inadequatewateringleadstourineconcentrationandpHgrowthwellabovebasiclevel,uptopHsof8andmore.生理学