形容词的比较级和最高级重难点知识讲解:形容词的比较级和最高级一、比较级的定义:大多数的形容词都有三个级别:原级、比较级、最高级。其中比较级表示“更……”,用于两者之间的比较,用来说明“前者比后者更……”,比较级前面一般用much,even,alittle修饰,其中even,much只能修饰比较级。二、比较级和最高级的构成:(1)规则变化:①单音节和部分双音节的形容词一般在词尾加-er,最高级加estcalm---calmer---calmesttall---taller---tallestsmart---smarter---smartest②以字母e结尾的直接在词尾加-r,最高级加estnice---nicer---nicestfine---finer---finestlarge---larger---largest③以“辅音+y结尾的词,变y为i,再加-er”,最高级加estearly---earlier---earliesthappy---happier---happiestbusy---busier---busiest④以重读闭音节的单个辅音字母结尾的词,双写辅音字母,再加-er,最高级加estbig---bigger---biggestthin---thinner---thinnesthot---hotter---hottest⑤多音节或部分双音节的形容词在原级前面加more,最高加mostEg:popular---morepopular-----mostpopularimportant---moreimportant----mostimportant(2)不规则变化:少数形容词的比较级变化是不规则的:good---betterbad/ill---worsemany/much---morelittle---lessfar---farther/furtherold---older/elder三、比较级的用法:(一)当两个人或事物(A和B)进行比较时,我们需要用到形容词(副词)的原级或者比较级1.表达“A和B一样”,用as…as的结构。公式:A+be动词+as+形容词原级+as…+BA+实义动词+as+副词原级+as…+BEgIamastallasyou.我和你一样高。HerunsasfastasI.他跑得和我一样快。2.表达“A不如B”用notas…as的结构。公式:A+be动词的否定形式+as+形容词原级+as…+BA+助词的否定形式+动词+as+形容词原级+as…+BEgIamnotastallasyou.我没有你高。Hedoesn’trunasfastasI.他没有我跑得快。2.表达“A大于B”用“比较级+than”的结构。公式:A+be动词+形容词比较级+than+B…A+实义动词+副词比较级+than+B…EgIamtallerthanyou.我比你高。HerunsfasterthanI.他跑得比我快。(二)关于形容词、副词比较级的更多用法1.比较级前面可以加上表示“优劣程度”的词或短语,意思是“更…”,“…得…”。常见词有much,alittle,even,alot,agreatdeal等。EgHeismuchtallerthanI.他比我要高得多。Ijumpalittlehigherthanhe.我跳得比他高一点点。想一想,这些词能修饰形容词或副词的原级吗?2.比较级前面可以加上表示具体数量差别的结构,表示具体“大多少”,“小多少”,“长多少”,“短多少”等。EgIamtwoyearsolderthanhe.我比他大两岁。Thisbuildingis20metershigherthanthatone.3.“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。Itisgettingwarmerandwarmer.天气越来越暖和。Heisrunningfasterandfaster.他跑得越来越快。0urcountryisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.我们祖国越来越美了。4.“themore…,themore…”表示“越……,就越……”,Themore,thebetter.多多益善。Themorecarefulyouare,thefewermistakesyouwillmake.你越细心,犯错就越少。5.“themore…ofthetwo…”表示“两个当中较。。。的一个”Thetallerofthetwoboysismybrother.四、当三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比较时,我们需要用到形容词(副词)的最高级1.表达“…是…中最…的”,用“the+形容词(副词)的最高级”的结构。后面可以加上表示范围的介词短语或从句。公式:主语+be动词+the+形容词最高级+(名词)+表示范围的介词短语或从句主语+实义动词+(the)+形容词最高级+表示范围的介词短语或从句EgHeisthetallest(student)inourclass.Hejumpsthehighestofthethreeboys.ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveeverread.2.表示“最…的…中一个”,用“oneof+the+最高级+复数名词”的结构来表达。EgHeisoneofthebeststudentsinourclass.他是我们班最好的学生之一。Thisisoneofthemostbeautifulflowersinthegarden.这是花园里最漂亮的花之。注意:(一)形容词的最高级前面有定冠词the,而副词的最高级前面定冠词the可以省略。但在形容词最高级前有物主代词时,不能要定冠词the.(二)常见的用来表示范围的介词有in,of,among五、运用形容词、副词比较级应当注意的问题:(一)、按语法规则,than后面的人称代词应当用主格,但口语当中有时会用宾格代替主格。EgHeismorecarefulthanI(me).(二)、只有同类的事物才能比较e.gHerbagisbiggerthanmine.不能说HerbagisbiggerthanI.TheweatherofKunmingismuchbetterthanthatofShenyang.不能说TheweatherofKunmingismuchbetterthanShenyang.【语法专项练习题】()1、Thatboylooksas________asaboxer.A.strongB.strongerC.strongestD.morestrong()2、ThenSummerPalaceis_______thanZhongShanpark.A.bigerB.morebigC.thebiggestD.bigger()3、Whichdoyoulike_________,applesororanges?A.goodB.betterC.bestD.well()4、--Oh,thefoodisbad.--Ithinkso.Andtheservice(服务)is__________.A.theworstB.worseC.badderD.theworse()5、--YouarethesamecoatasI.--Yes,Mineis________,butnotso_________asyours.A.better,expensiveB.better,moreexpensiveC.muchbetter,moreexpensiveD.good,moreexpensive()6、TheexpertsthinkthatIndia’spopulationmaybe________thanChina’s______2020.A.much,byB.more,inC.larger,byD.larger,on()7、Thisyearourschoolis_______thanitwaslastyear.A.muchbeautifulB.themostbeautifulC.beautifulerD.muchmorebeautiful()8、_______youwork,________knowledgeyouwillget.A.Theharder,moreB.Theharder,themoreC.Harder,themoreD.Harder,more()9、Hehas_________friendsthanI.A.muchmoreB.manymoreC.verymoreD.toomore()10、Shedrawsbetterthan.A.usallB.weallC.allusD.allwe()11、Shanghaiislargerthan________cityinChina.A.anyB.anyotherC.theothersD.anyelse()12、I’mnotsurewhetherMarycansingAnn.A.aswellasB.asgoodasC.asbetterasD.sogoodas()13、Ihavefewerapplesthan_________.A.heB.hisC.hersD.mine()14、Thenewsis________surprising.A.muchB.veryC.moreD.verymuch()15、ThepopulationofChinaislargerthan__________.A.AmericaB.theoneofAmericasC.thatofAmericaD.Americans()16、Whichis____________clothingstoreinyourtown?A.thebestB.thebetterC.themostgoodD.best()17、Mysisteris____________personIknow.A.thefunniestB.thefunnierC.themostfunD.funniest()18、IsMrDu__________teacherinyourschool?A.themostbusyB.thebusierC.themostbusiestD.thebusiest()19、Heis________morebeuutifulthanI.A.tooB.enoughC.muchD.very()20、Theboxis______heavy.Ican’tmoveit.A.muchB.moreC.enoughD.too()21、Thebookisthe__________oneinthebookshop.A.themostcheapB.theexpensiveC.themostexpensiveD.thelessexpensiver()22、Ihave_______applesand______milkthanyou.A.many,littleB.more,lessC.more,leastD.many,less()23、YoushouldstudyEnglishhard,becauseit’sgetting_________inourcountry.A.moreandmoreimportantB.moreimportantandmoreimportantC.importanterandimportanterD.importantandimportant()24、Herbrotheris__________thanshe.A.7yearolderB.7yearoldC.7yearsoldD.7yearsolder()25、TheFamousPeopleTalentShowwasoneof____________thatIhaveeverseen.A.themostfantasticshowB.mostfantasticshowsC.themorefantasticshowsD.themostfantasticshows