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南京邮电大学通达学院毕业论文题目：自然语义元语言理论的翻译观专业：英语学生姓名：朱纯班级学号：10000507指导教师：李炯英指导单位：英语系日期：2013年12月1日至2014年6月8日南京邮电大学通达学院2010届本科生毕业论文IAcknowledgmentFirst,I’dliketoexpressmyheartfeltgratitudetomysupervisor,Prof.LiJiongying.Hehasvastprofessionalknowledgeandexperience,rigorousattitudes,excelsiorworkstyleandapproachablecharisma.Inthispaper,fromtheselectionofsubjectstofinish,mysupervisorhasdevotedalotofefforts.Withoutthehelpofmyteachers,myclassmatesandmyfriends,Ican’tcompletethispaper.Thankstomyforeignlanguageteachers,Mr.TaoLichun,Mr.JiaGuangmaoandsoon,theyalsohelpalot.Duringmyfouryearsofstudy,IalsoreceivehelpfromLiYangyang,PeiHong,QianJiaJun,RuanXiaoweiandZhangTingting.Theyaremyfriendsandclassmates.Withouttheirhelpandsupport,thereisnowaytofinishmypaper.Iwishthefriendshipbetweenclassmateswouldbeunchangingforever.Finally,Iwanttothankmyparents.TheynotonlycultivatemyinterestintraditionalChineseculture,butalsoprovidegreatsupportandhelpforme.Inthecomingdays,Iwillstudyhardandworkhardtorepaythem!南京邮电大学通达学院2010届本科生毕业论文IIAbstractRepresentedbyAnnaWierzbicka,Polandsemanticschoolisoneofthemostinfluentialschoolsintheresearchfieldofcontemporarynaturalsemanticmetalanguage(NSM).Itopensupbroadprospectsforthestudyoflanguage,thoughtandculturalstudy.NSMtheory,whichisfoundedbyPolandsemanticschool,isanewparadigmincontemporarysemanticswithaphilosophyfoundationofrationalism.Ithasnowbecomeacontemporarysemanticanalysissystem,whichisbasedondemonstration.InNSMtheory,thecommonwordscanonlyberegardedassemanticprimesontheconditionoftranslatabilityandundefinition.Thesesemanticprimesconstitutealimitedsystemofsemanticrepresentation.Inordertodescribethingsclearly,thesystemofsemanticrepresentationshouldhavethecharacteristicofequality.Inotherwords,thecoreofhumanlanguageshouldhavethecharacteristicof“translatability”.NSMtheoryclaimsthateachsemanticprimecanbetranslatedintoanotherlanguage,anditwillnotincreaseordecreaseitsmeaning.ForNSMtheory,anychallengetosemanticprimesisextremelyserious.Wierzbickabelievesthatthesemanticprimesystemisahypotheticalsystem,whichisrelatedtothebasiccharacteristicsofhumanlanguageandperception.Therefore,theextractionofsemanticprimesmustbebasedonintensivefieldinvestigationsandcross-languageempiricalresearch.ThispaperreviewsthetheoreticalstudiesofNSMtheoryandpaysmoreattentiontothephilosophicalfoundationofNSMtheory,translatabilityofNSMtheory,extractionofsemanticprimesandtheapplicationofsemanticprimes.Meanwhile,ittalksaboutthegreatsignificanceandlimitationsintheaspectoftranslatability.KeyWords:NaturalSemanticMetalanguage;semanticprimes;translatability;reductiveparaphrase南京邮电大学通达学院2010届本科生毕业论文III摘要以安娜·威尔兹彼卡为代表的波兰语义学派是当今国际自然语义元语言研究领域最具影响的学派之一，为语言、思维和文化研究开辟了广阔前景。波兰语义学派创立的“自然语义元语言”（NSM）理论是当代语义学中的一种新范式，具有理性主义哲学基础，现已成为当代语言学中以实证为基础的语义分析体系。在NSM理论中，只有那些不可界定的、能够普遍互译的日常词语才能被确定为语义基元。这些语义基元构成了语言的有限语义表达系统。为使语义得以精确描写，这种语义表达系统在所有语言中应是对等的，即人类语言的义核应具有“通译性”。NSM理论声称，每一个语义基元都可以翻译成任何一种语言，其意义却丝毫不会增加或损失。对NSM理论而言，任何构成对语义基元系统的通译性的挑战都是极为严重的。Wierzbicka认为，语义基元系统是一个有关人类语言和认知的基本性质的假设系统，因此，语义基元的提取必须建立在对各种语系和结构类型的语言做深入细致的田野调查和跨语言实证研究基础之上。本文将在回顾自然语义元语言理论研究成果的基础上，重点探讨自然语义元语言理论的理性主义哲学基础，语义基元的提取方法及其在化简释义中的应用，探索自然语义元语言理论的“通译性”翻译观。并对该理论对通译性思想方面探讨其局限性和重大意义。关键词：自然语义元语言；通译性；语义基元；化简释义南京邮电大学通达学院2010届本科生毕业论文IVContentsAcknowledgment……………………………………………………………..........ⅠAbstract(English)...………….…………….………….………………………………..ⅡAbstract(Chinese)………….……………………………………………………...ⅢChapter1Introduction..........................................................................................11.1ResearchBackground…………………………………………………………….11.2SignificanceoftheResearch……………………………………………………...21.2.1SignificanceinTranslation………………………………………………….21.2.2SignificanceinForeignLanguageTeaching…………………………………21.2.3SignificanceinLexicography………………………………………………31.3PurposeoftheResearch…………………………………………………………...31.4LayoutofthePaper……………………………………………………………….4Chapter2LiteratureReview……………………………………………………….…52.1RelatedTerms……………………………………………………………………..52.1.1NaturalSemanticMetalanguage………………………………………………52.1.2SemanticCore…………………………………………………………………52.1.3SemanticPrime………………………………………………………………..52.1.4ReductiveParaphrase………………………………………………………….62.2StudiesonNSMAbroad.…….………………………………………………..62.3StudiesonNSMatHome….………………..………………………………….82.4Summary………………………………………………………………………….9Chapter3TheTranslatabilityViewofNSMTheory……..………………….103.1ThePhilosophicalFoundationofNSMTheory.......................................................103.2Translatabilityview...................................................................................113.3ExtractionofSemanticPrimes...................................................................123.4TheApplicationofSemanticPrimesinReductiveParaphrase................................133.5LimitationofNSMTheory……………………………………………………….143.6Summary…………………………………………………………………………16Chapter4Conclusion...............................................................................................174.1Majorfindings………………………………………………………………….174.2ImplicationsoftheResearch………………………………………………………174.3LimitationsoftheResearch……………………………………………………...1