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设计阶段(designstage)河流规划riverplanning选址selectingdamsite预可行性研究pre-feasibilitystudy可行性研究feasibilitystudy初步设计preliminarydesign技施设计tech-constructiondesign招标设计tenderdesign施工详图设计detailconstructiondrawingdesign水工建筑物(hydraulicstructure)水利枢纽hydroproject枢纽布置layoutofhydroproject挡水建筑物waterretainingstructure取水建筑物waterintakestructure泄水建筑物waterreleasestructure输水建筑物waterconveyancestructure通航建筑物navigationstructure过鱼建筑物fishpassstructure永久性建筑物permanentstructure临时性建筑物temporarystructure水工建筑物(hydraulicstructure)水利枢纽hydroproject枢纽布置layoutofhydroproject挡水建筑物waterretainingstructure取水建筑物waterintakestructure泄水建筑物waterreleasestructure输水建筑物waterconveyancestructure通航建筑物navigationstructure过鱼建筑物fishpassstructure永久性建筑物permanentstructure临时性建筑物temporarystructure•主坝maindam•副坝auxiliarydam•坝轴线damaxis•坝高highdam•坝长lengthofdam•坝顶damcrest•坝底dambase•坝坡damslope•坝间damabutment•坝踵damheel•坝趾damtoe•坝段dammonolith重力坝gravitydam实体重力坝solidgravitydam混凝土重力坝concretegravitydam碾压混凝土坝rollercompactedconcretedam浆砌石重力坝masonrygravitydam空腹重力坝hollowgravitydam宽缝重力坝slottedgravitydam预应力重力坝prestressedgravitydam溢流重力坝overflowgravitydam灌浆廊道groutinggallery排水廊道drainagegallery检查廊道inspectiongallery•拱坝archdam•拱轴线centerlineofarch•单曲拱坝singlecurvaturearchdam•双曲拱坝doublecurvaturearchdam•抛物线拱坝parabolicarchdam•椭圆形拱坝ellipticalarchdam•薄拱坝thinarchdam•重力拱坝gravityarchdam•空腹重力拱坝hollowgravityarchdam•溢流拱坝overflowarchdam•支墩坝buttressdam•平板坝flatslabbuttressdam•大头坝massive-headdam•连拱坝mutiple-archdam•土石坝earth-rockdam•土坝earthdam•均质土坝homogeneousearthdam•粘土心墙土石坝claycoreearthrockdam•沥青混凝土心墙土石坝asphalticconcretecoreearth-rockdam•粘土斜墙土石坝slopingcoreearth-rockdam•沥青混凝土面板土石坝asphalticconcretefacingearth-rockdam•溢流土石坝overflowearth-rockdam•钢筋混泥土面板堆石坝reinforcedconcretefacingrockfilldam防浪墙wavewall(parapet)护坡slopeprotection防渗铺盖imperviousblanket棱体排水prismdrainage反滤层filter溢洪道spillway开敞式溢洪道openchannelspillway正常溢洪道mainspillway非常溢洪道emergencyspillway陡槽式溢洪道chutespillway虹吸式溢洪道siphonspillway•进水渠entrancechannel•闸门gate•泄槽chute•跳流鼻坎flipbucket;deflectingbucket•出水渠outletchannel•冲刷坑scourhole;washout•水工隧洞hydraulictunnel•导流隧洞diversiontunnel•泄洪隧洞spillwaytunnel•发电隧洞powertunnel•灌溉隧洞irrigationtunnel•放空隧洞emptyingtunnel•有压隧洞pressuretunnel•无压随洞free-flowtunnel•不衬砌随洞unlinedtunnel•排水随洞drainagetunnel•涵洞culvert•填埋管buriedpipeline•沟埋管trenchedpipeline•钢性管rigidpipe•柔性管flexiblepipe•钢筋混凝土管reinforcedconcretepipe•塔式进水口towerintake•竖井式进水口shaftintake•沉沙池sedimentationbasin•渡槽aqueduct(fiume)•倒虹吸管invertedsiphon•落差建筑物dropstructure•通航建筑物navigationstructure•船闸navigationlock(shiplock)•多级船闸muti-linelock(mutiplelock)•Electricalenergycanbestoredintwometalplatesseparatedbyaninsulatingmedium.Suchadeviceiscalledacondenser,anditsabilitytostoreelectricalenergyistermedcapacitance.电能可以储存在被一绝缘介质隔开的两块金属板中。这样的装置称为电容器，它储存电能的能力就称为电容。Thereluctancemotoroperatessynchronouslyataspeedwhichisdeterminedbythesupplyfrequencyandthenumberofpolesforwhichthestatoriswound.磁阻电动机是以某一速率同步转动，该速率是由电源频率和锭子绕指的级数决定的。Comparedwithotherkindsofmotors,electricmotorsarequiet,smoothrunning,small,cleanandeasilycontrolled.和其他类的发动机相比，电动机噪音较小，运转平稳，体积小，洁净，并易于控制。Astheyearspassed,theflowandvibrationcalculationprogramsaswellasthetestingfacilitiesavailabletothedevelopmentengineersimprovedcontinually.随着岁月的流逝，蒸汽流和震动的计算程序以及研制工程师能得到手的试验设备，都连续地得到改进。•Thedifferenceofloadinthedayandthenighthasbeenincreasing.•电网负荷的昼夜变化日益增加。•Theairoutsidepressedthesidein.•外面的空气将桶壁压得凹进去了。•Theboilerisequippedwith30tiltingburnersfittedforeitherPCoroilfiring.•锅炉装有30个摆动式喷燃器，即可烧煤又可以燃油。•Thetestingofmachinesbythismethodwillentailsomelossofpower.•用这种方式来测试机器会损失一些能量。•Itisnecessarytoexaminetheaccuracyoftheseresults.•检验这些结果是否精确是非常必要的•Theassemblyiscalledthe“commutator”(whichis)requiredtomountedaroundthearmatureshaft.•这一装配称作转接器，需要安装在电枢轴上。•Itispossibletodistinguishbetweenthreestrategiesformachinemaintenance.•机器维修可以分为三种方针。•Itisnecessarytopayspecialattentiontocertainaspectsoftestingprocedure.•有必要特别注意试验程序的某些方面。•Ithasbeenprovedthatinducedvoltagecausesacurrenttoflowinoppositiontotheforceproducingit.•已经证明，感应电压使电流的方向与产生电流的磁场力方向相反。