水吸收二氧化硫过程填料塔设计

齐齐哈尔大学化工原理课程设计说明书水吸收SO2填料塔(3200m3/h)学院：食品与生物工程学院专业班：生工112班姓名：蒋燕妮学号：2011053072指导教师：赵国君设计时间：2014.06.23—07.06I摘要吸收是利用混合气体中各组分在液体中的溶解度的差异来分离气态均相混合物的一种单元操作。在化工生产中主要用于原料气的净化，有用组分的回收等。气液两相的分离是通过它们密切的接触进行的，在正常操作下，气相为连续相而液相为分散相，气相组成呈连续变化，气相中的成分逐渐被分离出来。填料塔是气液呈连续性接触的气液传质设备，属微分接触逆流操作过程。塔的底部有支撑板用来支撑填料，并允许气液通过。支撑板上的填料有整砌和乱堆两种方式。填料层的上方有液体分布装置，从而使液体均匀喷洒于填料层上。填料层的空隙率超过90%，一般液泛点较高，单位塔截面积上填料塔的生产能力较高，研究表明，在压力小于0.3MPa时，填料塔的分离效率明显优于板式塔。这次课程设计的任务是用水吸收空气中的二氧化硫，然后再进行解吸处理得到二氧化硫。要求设计包括塔径、填料塔高度、塔管的尺寸等，需要通过物料衡算得到所需要的基础数据，然后进行所需尺寸的计算得到各种设计参数，为图的绘制打基础，提供数据参考。关键词：水；二氧化硫；吸收；填料塔；物料衡算IIAbstractAbsorptionisanimportantunitoperationinthedifferencesinsolubilityusingmixturegasintheliquidintheseparationofgaseoushomogeneousmixture.Inthechemicalproductionismainlyusedforpurifyingrawgas,recoveryofvaluablecomponentsetc..Separationofgas-liquidtwo-phaseisclosecontactwiththem,innormaloperation,thegasphaseasthecontinuousphaseandtheliquidphaseisdispersedphase,gasphasecompositionofacontinuouschange,thegasphasecompositionwasgraduallyisolated.Thetowerisgas-liquidingas-liquidmasstransferequipmentofcontinuouscontact,belongingtodifferentialcontactcounter-currentoperation.Atthebottomofthetowerwithasupportingplateforsupportingthefiller,andallowtheliquidthroughthe.Thesupportplateandawholemasonryfillerhastwoways.Theliquiddistributiondeviceabovethefillerlayer,sothattheliquidisuniformlysprayedonthefillerlayer.Voidfillerlayerrateexceeds90%,thegeneralfloodingpointshigher,thetowerunitcross-sectionalareaofpackingtowerproductioncapacityishigher,researchshowsthat,thepressureislessthan0.3MPa,theseparationefficiencyofpackedtowerisobviouslybetterthanthatoftheplatetower.Thecurriculumdesigntaskistheabsorptionofsulfurdioxideinairwithwater,andthendesorptionwithsulfurdioxide.Designrequirementsincludingthetowerdiameter,heightofpackedtower,towertubesize,needthroughthematerialbalancetogetbasicdataneeded,andthencalculatetherequiredsizeofthevariousdesignparameters,fordrawingfoundation,toprovidedataforreference.Keywords:water;sulfurdioxide;absorption;packedtower;materialbalance目录摘要......................................................................IAbstract.................................................................II设计任务书................................................................1第1章绪论...............................................................21.1吸收技术概况.......................................................21.2吸收过程对设备的要求及设备的发展概况...............................21.3吸收在工业生产中的应用.............................................31.3.1吸收的应用概况...............................................31.3.2典型吸收过程.................................................3第2章设计方案...........................................................42.1吸收方法及吸收剂的选择.............................................42.1.1吸收方法.....................................................42.1.2吸收剂的选择.................................................42.2吸收工艺的流程.....................................................52.2.1吸收工艺流程的确定...........................................52.2.2吸收工艺流程图...............................................62.3操作参数的选择.....................................................72.3.1操作温度的选择...............................................72.3.2操作压力的选择...............................................72.3.3吸收因子的选择...............................................72.4吸收塔设备及填料的选择.............................................82.4.1吸收塔的设备选择.............................................82.4.2填料的选择...................................................9第3章吸收塔工艺的计算..................................................103.1基础物性数据......................................................103.1.1液相物性数据.................................错误!未定义书签。3.1.2气相物性数据.................................错误!未定义书签。3.1.3气液平衡数据.................................错误!未定义书签。3.2物料衡算...........................................错误!未定义书签。3.3塔径的计算.........................................错误!未定义书签。3.4填料层高度计算.....................................错误!未定义书签。3.4.1传质单元高度OGH计算.........................错误!未定义书签。3.4.2填料层高度Z的计算...........................错误!未定义书签。3.4.3填料层压降ΔP的计算:.........................错误!未定义书签。3.5液体分布器简要设计................................................183.5.1选型.......................................................183.5.2分布点密度计算..............................................193.5.3布液计算....................................................193.6填料塔附属高度计算................................................193.6.1塔上部空间高度..............................................193.6.2塔底液体保持高度............................................193.7其他附属塔内件的选择..............................................193.7.1液体分布器..................................................203.7.2液体再分布器................................................213.7.3填料支撑板..................................................213.7.4填料压板与床层限制板........................................213.7.5气体进出口装置与排液装置....................................21结论.....................................................................22参考文献................................................