供应链管理（4）

CHAPTER4OrderProcessingandInformationSystemsCopyright©2001byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin4-2TotalOrderCycle:ACustomer'sPerspectiveKey:1.Orderpreparationandtransmittal1days2.Orderreceivedandenteredintosystem1day3.Orderprocessed1day4.Orderpicking/productionandpacking1days5.Transittime3days6.Warehousereceivingandplacingintostorage1dayTotalordercycletime8days1.Customerplacesorder6.Orderdeliveredtocustomer5.Ordershippedtocustomer2.Orderreceived3.Orderprocessed4.OrderpickedandpackedCopyright©2001byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin4-3TotalOrderCyclewithVariability2.OrderentryandprocessingFrequency:1231.OrderpreparationandtransmittalFrequency:1233.OrderpickingorproductionFrequency:19Frequency:TOTAL3.5days820days5.TransportationFrequency:1356.CustomerreceivingFrequency:.511.5Copyright©2001byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin4-4ThePathofaCustomer’sOrderWarehousewithdrawalInventoryfileProductionscheduleCheckcreditInventoryavailableShipcustomerorderCustomerdeliveryOrdertransmittalCustomerorderEntercustomerorderInvoiceBackorderProductionTransportationschedulingShippingdocumentationProcessorderCopyright©2001byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin4-5TraditionalSupplyChainFlowsDemandflowProductflowSupplierRetailerDistributorManufacturerCopyright©2001byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin4-6Information-basedSupplyChainFlowsTimely,accurateinformationflowSupplierManufacturerDistributorRetailerSmooth,continualproductflowmatchedtodemandCopyright©2001byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin4-7DefinitionofEDIInterorganizationalexchangeofbusinessdocumentationinstructured,machine-processableform.UnstructuredStructuredFaxEDIE-MailOrderentryPerson-to-personComputer-to-computerCopyright©2001byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin4-8EDIVersusTraditionalMethodsSource:MargaretA.Emmelhainz,ElectronicDataInterchange:ATotalManagementGuide(NewYork:VanNostrandReinhold,1990),p.5.BUYER'SPURCHASINGAPPLICATIONSELLER'SORDERENTRYAPPLICATIONPURCHASINGPURCHASINGPOSTOFFICEBUYER'SCOMPUTEREDIFLOWPOPOSELLER'SCOMPUTERORDERENTRYCopyright©2001byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin4-9TypicalEDIConfigurationsSOURCE:GEInformationService,asreportedinLisaH.Harrington,TheABC'sofEDI,TrafficManagement29,no.8(August1990),p.51.ManufacturerManufacturerManufacturerManufacturerSupplierSupplierSupplierSupplierSupplierSupplierThird-partyvendorProprietarysystemValue-addednetwork(VAN)Copyright©2001byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin4-10DecisionSupportSystemUserdata-basesInformationresultsPublicdata-basesDataacquisitionsDatapreprocessingPlanning/analysismodelsUserinputsDatapresentationDataprocessingOperatingmodels