城市生态交通系统综合评价方法及应用

,3,,,,100871:,----(DPSIR),(PCA)(MDM),(ECI),,,.20002005.:,,ECI018,;,,.:;DPSIR;;;:X826:A:1001-6929(2007)06-0158-06ComprehensiveAssessmentModelandItsApplicationforUrbanEco2TrafficSystemJIANGYu2mei,GUOHuai2cheng,HUANGKai,YUYa2juan,LIUYongCollegeofEnvironmentalSciences,PekingUniversity,Beijing100871,ChinaAbstract:Basedonthetheoryofurbancomplexecosystem,theDriver2Pressure2Status2Impact2Response(DPSIR)modelwasusedtosetupaninitialcomprehensiveindicatorssystem,theprinciplecomponentanalysis(PCA)methodappliedtoselecttheindicators,themaximizingdeviationmethod(MDM)usedtodeterminetheirweights,andtheecologicalcomprehensiveindex(ECI)methodintroducedtoassessthecomprehensiveindicatorssystem.Thiscomprehensiveassessmentmodelwasappliedtoassesstheeco2trafficsystemofBeijinginfrom2000to2005.TheresultsshowthattheecologizationofBeijingpstraffichasbeenimprovedgradually.HowevertheECIsstillkeepinalowerlevel,nothigherthan0.8,andthetrafficsystemisattheecologizationperiod.Theecologizationlevelishighinregionaleconomiccondition,trafficaccessibility,dustcontrolandurbanafforestation,butrelativelylowinairenvironmentalintegratedcontrol,greeningbeltintegration,roadconstructionandlogistics,whichareimportantfactorsconstrainingtheecologicalconstructionofurbantrafficinBeijing.Keywords:ecologicaltraffic;DPSIRmodel;principlecomponentanalysis;maximizingdeviationmethod;ecologicalcomprehensiveindex:2007-03-09:2007-06-18:(973)(2005CB724205):(1982-),,,[e-mail].3,[e-mail],.,[1].,()[224],,,,.,,,,.,----(Drivingforces-Pressure-State-Impact-Response,DPSIR)(PCA)(MDM),,,,.1,206ResearchofEnvironmentalSciencesVol.20,No.6,2007.,[5].,,,,,.,.DPSIR,PCAMDM,ECI(1).1Fig.1Thetechniqueintegrationfortheurbaneco2trafficsystem111,:a..,[6].b..3,.c.,.,,.11111DPSIR(EEA)DPSIR,[7].,(DrivingForce),;(Pressure),;(State)[8],;(Impact),;(Response),,.2.2DPSIRFig.2TheDPSIRframeworkfortheurbaneco2trafficsystem111DPSIR,,5()2()31(1).,3:;;[9].11112PCA11111,.,PCA.PCA,,9516:1Table1Indicatorframeworkforpreliminaryassessmentofurbaneco2trfficsystemanditsselectedindicatorsforcasestudy123X1P(km-2)019940109601024D1X2P019760120801054D2X3GDPP%012820143301143X4P%01806-01465-01149X5GDPP%-01939-0130101110D3X6P(km10-2km-2)0190101267-01265P1X71)P1080180801215-01365X8P019920110501043P2X9P016860144601526X10P104t0188801436-01141P3X11SO2P104t-0180901568-01134X12P104t-0199001016-01064P4X13P%01182-01581-01546X14Pm201917-0110701366S1X15Pm201257-0149801756S2X16P(d-1)01842-0114701470X17PdB(A)-016510101001296X18PdB(A)-017470156801284X19(PM10)P(mgm-3)-018180154801088X20(SO2)P(mgm-3)-01797-0110301148X21(NO2)P(mgm-3)-01090-01384-01329X22Pm20194801259-01104S3X23P%01983-0114001057S4X24Pkm0187301410-01012I1X25P%019630100201257I2X262)P(kmkm-2)01121-01958-01231I3X27-0187701417-01011I4X28P%01868-0117601260R1X29P%0118901745-01639R2X30P%01717-01296-01466X31P%0181901479-010241)();2)[10]..,,,5.SPSS,[11212].,85%.,,,.,,.11113(MDM),[13214],(i).,,,().:i(j)=i,min+i,maxij+i,max(i=1,2,,n;j=1,2,,m)(1),ij=Ti0-Xij;i,min=minjij;i,max=maxjij;Ti0i;Xijij;[0,1],,015.,ii[15]:i=mjmkj-knimjmkj-k(2)1121121106120(ECI),[16],:ECI=ni=1mj=1SijWijWi(3),Wii;Wijij;Sijij,(4):Sij=TijXij(),Sij=XijTij()(4),Xij;Tij.11212,,3:a.ECI1,,.ECI,,.b.ECI=1,,.,,.c.ECI1,,.,,,.2:211,,,()(20042020),200020056,PCA,.52.2,3871494%(85%),3.3,17(1).25Table2FirstfiveinitialeigenvaluesofPCAP%P%11911486117686117682510341612387810073219419148887149442135071582951076511526419241001000,,33.212212113,2000200501600,01619,01663,01697,0170201738,200520042003200220012000.20002005,.,,,,,,.,,ECI1,018.,,,,,,,.212126,(I4)(I3)(S1)(P3)4,SijWijWi0101(3).,,.GDP(D3)(P1)(S4)(P4)(D2)5,SijWijWi0.05(1616:320002005Table3ResultsofpreliminaryassessmentofBeijingurbaneco2trafficsystemfrom2000to2005200020012002200320042005P(km-2)011333500487249535031510151685269[17]P01241014424182104214110421701043108104314910441111044154104[17]GDPP%014255.0417413413410313216[17]P(km10-2km-2)0135195818285838791[18]104P01258011374500130614661627180719292161[17]P104t010485100104218010421801042184104218410421931043101104[17]P104t0146561001010391038109710871015176[19]Pm20112328.00612971497182101511013010132[17]Pm2012190124445.00291023019029116351383214829118[17]Pm20121515.0081688192913591601010311111[17]P%0141845.00361343815640122411074117942150[17]Pkm013664760362436733691372740644073[17]P%0115701279100.00481405016855162611376215764111[17]P(kmkm-2)0110710.00661827413974102731087012469162[20]012480130417231613174313331293129[17]P%011250155015.00217131006165813161638131[17]P%0145040.00261502517425154231242610028110[17]ECI0160001619016630169701702017383).,,;.320002005Fig.3TheecologicalcomprehensiveindexsofBeijingCityfrom2000to2005261203a..DPSIR,PCA,.,.,;,.b.,,,;,,.c.,,;,,.:[1]KenGwilliam.Urbantransportindevelopingcountries[J].TransportReviews,2003,23(2):1972216.[2]NicolasJean2Pierre.Analysingroadtrafficinfluencesonairpollution:howtoachievesustainableurbandevelopment[J].TransportReviews,2000,20(2):2192232.[3]PeterNijkamp,HansOuwersloot,SytzeARienstra.Sustainableurbantransportsystems:anexpert2basedstrategic