汉英翻译3.

DynamicizationinC-ETranslation:TheChoiceofVerbsThedifferences•Hypotaxisandparataxis•Stativityanddynamicity•Absenceoffocusandpresenceoffocus•CognitionThetendenciesinC-Etranslationintermsofstativityanddynamicity•StaticityDynamicity•AbstractSpecificity•RelationDynamization•LiteralnessFigurativenessI.动静文化认知与翻译思维1.1静态文化与动态文化静为先,动为后:“虚则静，静则动，动则得矣。”庄子静为体,动为用:“静即太极之体,动即太极之用.”朱子语类静为主,动为次:“静者为主,而动者为客.”朱文公文集1.2Chinesevs.English•Noun-dominatedvs.verb-dominated•Image-dependentvs.event-dependent旅夜书怀杜甫细草微风岸，危樯独夜舟。星垂平野阔，月涌大江流。名岂文章著，官应老病休。飘飘何所似，天地一沙鸥。NightThoughtsWhileTravellingKennethRexrothAlightbreezesrustlesthereedsAlongtheriverbanks.TheMastofmylonelyboatsoarsIntothenight.StarsblossomOverthevastdesertofWaters.MoonlightflowsontheSurgingriver.MypoemshaveMademefamousbutIgrowOld,illandtired,blownhitherAndyon;IamlikeagullLostbetweenheavenandearth.(Rexroth,1971:33)TravelingnightwritethoughtsDavidHawkesFinegrassslightwindbankTallmastlonelynightboatStarshang-downlevelplainvastnessMoonbobs-fromgreat-river’sflowNamehowliteraturefamousOfficedue-toage-sicknessresignedDrifting-driftingwhat-amlikeSky-earthonesand-gullThestaticsentencesinmodernChinese(A)姥姥家门前有一棵大杨树。(B)墙外是个足球场。(C)桌子上放着两个茶杯。(D)船上点了一盏灯。2.Thestativity-to-dynamicitytendenciesandtheireffectsonC-Etranslation2.1TendencyI:Fromstativitytodynamicity•1）鼻尖上有些细细的汗水。（阿来，2005：88）•Tinybeadsofsweatdottedthetipofhisnose.(TranslatedbyH.Goldblatt,2002:93)•2）从乡里到城里有汽车，从城里到部队有火车，（王奎山，2008：76）•Thebustakesyoufromourvillagetothecity,andthetraintakesyoudirectlyfromthecitytothearmy.(TranslatedbyHuangJunxiong,2008:80)•3)金龙和宝凤的出生，是西门家的天大之喜，（莫言，2006：12）•ThebirthofJinlongandBaofengproducedgreatjoyintheXimenhousehold.2.2TendencyII:Fromabstractnesstospecificity•1)华侨们初抵南洋诸岛时，当地到处都是原始森林。•WhenoverseasChineseoriginallysetfootontheislandsofSouthAsia,whatextendedbeforethemwasanendlessexpanseofprimitiveforests.•2)她的脸上又一次有了不悦，（《为人民服务》，阎连科）•Displeasureflickeredacrossherfaceoncemore.•3)我心悲怆，头昏眼花，四肢抖颤，跌翻在地。（莫言，2006：15-16）•Myheartwasbreaking,myheadwasspinning,itwasallablur,Icouldn’tkeepmylegsstraight…Ifellover.2.3TendencyIII:Fromrelationtodynamicization•这些工程对马来西亚政府来说则是惠而不费。可以这么说。郑氏兄弟的发家史和一部马来西亚发展史之间有着牢不可破、密不可分的关系，通过一次一次合作，双方利益均沾。•AlltheseconstructionsengenderedbenefitsratherthancostsforMalaysiangovernment.Exactlyspeaking,theZhenbrothers’saga/legendisinseparablyrelatedto/intertwinedwiththeMalaysianhistory.Theircooperationshavebroughtaboutnothingbutmutualbenefits.2.4TendencyIV:Fromliteralnesstofigurativeness•随着香港日益繁荣，居民生活日益富足，公司企业日益增多，在日常生活中人们穿西装、打领带已蔚然成风。•WhentheeconomicboomarrivedinHongkong,thepeopletherebegantoleadalifeofwell-being.Andcompanieswerealsomushroomingthere.Theconventionofwearingsuitsandtiesiswidelypractisedindailylife.3.DynamizationStrategyinC-ETranslation•Verbalization•EventualizationExample:AnexcerptfromPlayingForThrillsbyWangShuo•夜色如墨,遥远的天际有几颗微弱的星辰，对面楼上的人家全在看电视，几乎隔几扇窗户便有一间屋里荧光闪闪。楼道里很暗很静，楼道灯的定时开关上的绿荧光熠熠发亮，电视里的人物对白声和其他音响从楼里住户的门底逸出，萦回在漆黑的楼道里，有人在激烈争吵有人在哭泣还有人在哈哈大笑，各个频道上的人物正处在不同的情绪中。EnglishversionbyHowardGoldblatt•Astheskydarkened,afewstarswinkedsoftlyonthehorizon.PeopleacrossthestreetwerewatchingTV,lightstreamingoutofwindowsasfromacommonroom.Hallwayswerequietanddark,exceptfortinygreenlightsontheswitches.TVchatterandsoundeffectsseepedthroughcracksindoorsandtraveledupanddownthedarkhallway:anastyargumentsomeonecryingsomeonelaughing,everychannelfeaturingpeopleindifferentmoods.Homework•紫禁城就在这条中轴线上。紫禁城按外朝和内廷来构造，前为皇权机构中心，后为皇室起居区。在外朝部分，先是有紫禁城最重要的主体建筑三大殿：太和殿、中和殿和保和殿，太和殿的顶端是这座宫殿的中心。在三大殿的东侧有文华殿，西侧有武英殿，一文一武，显示文治武功的治国思想。内廷部分沿中轴线上建有乾清宫、交泰宫和坤宁宫。在这三宫两侧，则分别是东六宫和西六宫。紫禁城的近万间建筑，就是这样以一条中轴线统领，虽体量巨大，但井然有序。•TheForbiddenCityislaidoutalongthecentralaxis.Itfallsintotheexteriorcourtandtheinteriorcourt.Theformerisintendedfortheimperialadministrativeinstitutionsandthelatteriswheretheimperialfamilyresides.Theexteriorcourtstartswiththethreetemples——themainstructureofthecity:theSupremeHarmonyHall,theCentralHarmonyHallandtheHarmonyPreservingHall.TheSupremeHarmonyHallistoppedwithitscenter.ThethreehallsareflankedbytheHallofLiteraryGloryintheeastandtheHallofMilitaryEminenceinthewest,embodyingbothcivilandmilitarygoverningprinciple.Intheinteriorcourt,alongthecentralaxisrisethethreepalaces:theHallofHeavenlyPurity,theHallofUnionandPeaceandtheHallofEarthlyTranquility.Onbothsides,thethreepalacesarelinedwiththeEasternSixPalacesandtheWesternSixPalaces.TheForbiddenCityhavewalledinmorethantenthousandhallsandhouseswhichareorganizedalongthecentralaxis.Agiantarrayofbuildingsarethuspatternedinanorderlymanner.•紫禁城就在这条中轴线上。•TheForbiddenCityis____alongthecentralaxis.•紫禁城按外朝和内廷来构造，前为皇权机构中心，后为皇室起居区。•It____intotheexteriorcourtandtheinteriorcourt.Theformeris___fortheimperialadministrativeinstitutionsandthelatteriswheretheimperialfamily_____.•在外朝部分，先是有紫禁城最重要的主体建筑三大殿：太和殿、中和殿和保和殿，太和殿的顶端是这座宫殿的中心。•Theexteriorcourt____withthethreetemples——themainstructureofthecity:theSupremeHarmonyHall,theCentralHarmonyHallandtheHarmonyPreservingHall.TheSupremeHarmonyHallis_____withthecentreofthepalace.•在三大殿的东侧有文华殿，西侧有武英殿，一文一武，显示文治武功的治国思想。•Thethreehallsare____bytheH