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Flywheel利用飞轮旋转的惯性，使发动机工作的四个工作循环顺利进行（进气-压缩-工作-排气）发动机总排量是指发动机全部气缸的工作容积之和，单位是升。Crank/camshaft曲轴、凸轮轴motortruck货车front/rearaxle前、后桥前桥后桥就是指前后轮轴的部分，前桥包括避震弹簧，转向器，平衡轴等，后桥还包括驱动轴，传动齿轮等。以同类发动机轿车做比较，扭距输出越大承载量越大，加速性越好，爬坡能力越强。propellershaft传动轴universaljoint万向节torque扭矩finaldriveanddifferential主减速器和差速器gradeability爬坡度frontengine,rearwheeldrive前置发动机，后轮驱动overhang、suspension悬架wheelbase轴距（前后桥距离）tread轮距（左右轮距离）filtershaft滤清器轴filtercover滤清器盖outsidediameter外径minimumturningcirclediameter最小转弯直径rockerarmcover摇臂罩valverockerarm气门摇臂camshaftdrive凸轮轴驱动轮sparkpluglead火花塞导线timingbeltcover正时皮带罩connectingrod连杆combustionchamber燃烧室v-beltpulleyV型皮带轮cylinderdiameter汽缸直径pistonstroke活塞行程compressionchambervolume压缩室容积totalcylindervolume总汽缸容积Four-strokegasoline/dieselengineoperationprincipleintakecompressionexpansionexhauststroke进、压、胀、排combustiblemixture可燃混合气injector喷油器crankcase曲轴箱precompressedmixturetransfercanal输气道Crankconnectingrodmechanism曲柄连杆机构cylinderblock汽缸体cylinderheadcover汽缸盖罩cylinderheadgasket汽缸盖衬垫stiffeningrib加强肋mainbearingcap主轴承盖bearingbushseat轴承座connectingrodshank连杆杆身connectingrodsmallend连杆小头connectingrodcap连杆大头盖Connectingrodend连杆大头connectingrodbushing连杆衬套springclip弹簧卡环pistonpin活塞销pistonhead活塞头部pistonringgroove活塞环槽compressionring压缩环oilscraperring油环pistonskirt活塞裙部pistonpinboss活塞销座crankshaftfrontend曲轴前端frontmainjournal前主轴颈crankpin曲柄销crankweb曲柄连接臂counterweight平衡重flywheelgearring飞轮齿圈flywheellockplate飞轮锁片clutch离合器Valvemechanism配气机构Sidevalve侧置气门Overheadvalve顶置气门tappet气门挺杆pushrod推杆valvestem气门杆valveguide气门导管shieldingcap护帽oilflinger油封uppervalvespringcollar气门弹簧上环valvesplitcone气门锁片rockerarm摇臂rockerbracket摇臂支座retainingwasher定位摇臂thrustwasher止推摇臂rockeradjustingscrew摇臂调整螺钉oilpumpdrivinggear机油泵驱动齿轮Gasolineengine-fuelsystem汽油机供油泵fuellevelgauge油面指示表carburetor化油器exhaustmanifold排气歧管fuelpump汽油泵fuelfilter汽油滤清器exhaustsilencer排气消声器fuelpipe油管fueltank汽油箱intaketube进气管airdeflector空气导流器cleanerbody滤清器壳crankcasebleedpipe曲轴箱通风管hotairpipe热空气管fuelpumpbase汽油泵座diaphragm膜片fuelinletneck汽油进口fuelpumpbody汽油泵壳filterscreen滤清器网bowlcover泵盖fuelfeedport汽油出口distancewasher调整间隔垫圈diaphragmspring膜片弹簧rockerarm摇臂fulcrumpin杠杆支点销filterbody滤清器壳filtercartridge滤清器滤芯glassbowl玻璃滤杯bowlretainingclip滤杯支承夹aircleaner空气滤清器valveneedle针阀float浮子nozzle喷管chocktube喉管throttlevalve节气门intakemanifold进气歧管floatchamber浮子室throttlevalve节气门choketube喉管plug旋塞filtergauze滤清器金属丝网valveseat阀座valveneedle针阀floatneedlevalve浮子针阀floatpivotpin浮子销float浮子floatchamber浮子室acceleratorpump加速泵mainmeteringjet主量孔ballvalve球阀adjustablestop可调限位螺钉Carburetorcontrol化油器操纵件throttlecontrollever节气门操纵杆connectingleverrod连接拉杆cablewire拉索connectingadaptor连接杆cablehose拉索软管acceleratorpedalhinge加速踏板铰链mountingbracket安装支架acceleratorpedallever加速踏板杠杆acceleratorpedalreturnspring加速踏板回位弹簧distributorpipe分油管pressureregulator压力调节器electroniccontrolunit电控单元airflowsensor空气流量计coolant-temperaturesensor冷却液温度传感器reliefvalve卸压阀fuelfeedpump输油泵injectionpump喷油泵returnpipe回油管pressurepipe高压油管Swirlchamber涡流室燃烧室rollertappet滚轮挺柱plungerspring柱塞弹簧controlsleeve控制套筒pumpcylinder泵缸feedinggallery进油通道deliveryvalve出油阀pressurepipeadaptor高压油管接头nozzleholder喷油器体fuelinletpassage进油通道leak-offadaptor漏油接头inletadaptor进油接头leak-offpassage漏油通道adjustingshim调整垫片nozzlevalvespring针阀弹簧needlevalveseat针阀座clearancefilter间隙滤芯Speedgovernor调速器acceleratorpedallinkage加速踏板杆件operatinglever操纵杆controlrodlink控制杆连接件eccentricshaft偏心轴Exhaustsystem排气系统bracket支架bracketplate支板exhaustmanifoldjoint排气歧管接头doublemanifold双排歧管doublemanifoldcollar双排歧管凸缘exhaustclip排气管夹头pipeU-bolt排气管U型螺栓protectingplate防护板rearsilencer后消声器intermediatepipe中间排气管frontexhaustpipe前段排气管airinletport空气进口compressor压气机oilsupply润滑油入口oilreturn润滑油出口turbine蜗轮Emissioncontrol排污控制radiator散热器radiatorbottomtank散热器下贮水室radiatorcore散热器芯radiatortoptank散热器上贮水室fan风扇waterjacket水套overflowpipe溢流管drainplug放水阀thermostat恒温器thermostatmainvalve节温器主阀thermostatflexiblebellows节温器挠性波纹管thermostatbypassvalve节温器旁通管bottomradiatorpipe散热器出水软管radiatorcowl散热器罩topradiatorcowl散热器进水软管blindcable百页窗拉索radiatorfilter散热器加水口Engine-lubricationsystemoilpassage油道oilfiltertube加油管oilfiltercap加油管盖bypassoilcleaner分流式机油滤清器oilpressuresensor油压传感器oildrainhole放油孔oilstrainer机油集滤器oilpressurereliefvalve机油限压阀oilpumpoutletpipe机油泵出油管centrifugaloilcleaner离心式机油滤清器gearchainlubricationjet齿轮链条润滑喷孔mainpressureoilpassage主油道oilpressurereliefvalvespring限压阀弹簧oilpressurereliefvalveball限压阀钢球oilpumpcoverplate机油泵盖板oilpumpgear机油泵齿轮oilpumpbody机油泵壳体drivingshaftpilotsleeve驱动轴导套oilpumpdrivingshaft机油泵驱动轴oilpumpdrivinggear机油泵驱动齿轮lockwasher止锁垫圈oilsuctionpipejoint进油管接头oilstrainercover机油集滤器盖screenstrainer滤网oilstrainerbottom机油集滤器底版capnut盖形螺帽thrustplate压板filteringdisc滤片distancedisc隔片filteringelementbolt滤清元件螺栓thrustwasher止推垫圈filterbody滤清器壳体drainplug放油塞cleaningedges滤清肋片cleaningedgesspindle滤清肋片芯轴filtercoverbase滤清器支座pressurereliefvalve限压阀filtercoverbolt滤清器盖螺栓Oilcoolingradiator机油散热器radiatorcore散热器芯子stiffpipe硬管stiffpipeshackle硬管夹架oilinlethose进油软管shut-offcock旋塞开关oiloutlethost出油软管Engine-ignitionsystem发动机点火系ignitionswitch点火开关coil点火线圈distributordriverotates分电器驱动轴contactbreaker继电器触点capacitor电容器rotor转子distributorcap分电器盖hightensionlead高压导线vehicleframe车架Leadbattery铅蓄电池batter