汽车倒车防撞告警装置

长春理工大学本科毕业设计I摘要随着社会经济的发展交通运输业日益兴旺，汽车的数量在大幅攀升，由此产生的交通问题也引起人们的重要关注。主要针对拥挤的公路、街道、停车场等场所，加上存在视觉盲区，司机在倒车时无法看到车后的障碍物，容易刮伤汽车甚至发生交通事故等一些状况，汽车倒车雷达是一种旨在倒车防护的倒车防撞系统。本设计从实验研究分析的角度，分析了汽车倒车防撞系统的基本设计原理以及目前国内外此类防撞系统存在的问题。较详细的介绍一种超声波测距系统以及根据该系统设计，研制的汽车倒车防撞报警器，它能自动检测车尾障碍物的距离。当达到极限位置的时候，它能发出声光报警，提醒司机刹车。设计采用国内生产厂家的通用元件，成本低，性能可靠，有利于推广。关键词:超声波车辆报警装置单片机长春理工大学本科毕业设计IIAbstractWiththedevelopmentofsocietyandeconomyoftransportationindustryisbooming,theautomobilequantityincreasingsignificantly,theresultingtrafficproblemalsocausespeople'simportance.Themainneedlecrowdedhighways,streets,parkingarea,togetherwiththepresenceofthevisualblindspot,driversinreversingcannotseeobstaclesbehindthevehicle,easytoscratchtheautomobiletrafficaccident,evensomecondition,carreversingradarisaimedatreversingprotectionreversinganti-collisionsystem.Experimentalstudyonthedesignfromtheperspectiveofanalysis,analysisoftheautomobileback-draftanti-collisionsystembasicdesignprincipleandanti-collisionsystemathomeandabroadsuchproblems.Amoredetailedultrasonicrangingsystemandaccordingtothesystemdesign,developmentoftheautomobileback-draftanti-collisionalarm,itcanautomaticallydetectthedistancebetweentherearobstacles.Whenthetimelimit,itcangiveanalarm,toremindthedriverbrakes.Domesticmanufacturersdesignuniversalcomponents,lowcost,reliableperformance,isconducivetothepromotion.Keywords:Ultrasonicwave;vehicles;Alarmdevice;Singlechipmicrocomputer长春理工大学本科毕业设计III目录摘要........................................................................................................................IAbstract........................................................................................................................II第1章绪论.............................................................................................................11.1设计倒车防撞告警装置的目的及意义..........................................................11.2倒车防撞告警装置的发展经历......................................................................11.3倒车防撞告警装置的主要研究内容..............................................................2第2章系统工作原理.................................................................................................32.1超声波概述......................................................................................................32.2超声波传感器概述..........................................................................................32.3超声波测距原理..............................................................................................42.4倒车防撞报警的原理......................................................................................4第3章系统总体方案设计.........................................................................................63.1系统功能设计..................................................................................................63.2系统组成及工作过程......................................................................................6第4章系统硬件电路设计.........................................................................................74.1单片机的选取..................................................................................................74.2核心控制模块设计...........................................................................................84.3超声波发射模块设计......................................................................................94.4超声波接收模块设计....................................................................................104.5温度补偿模块设计........................................................................................114.6人机交互模块设计........................................................................................114.7电源模块........................................................................................................124.8声光报警模块设计........................................................................................13第5章系统软件设计...............................................................................................145.1超声波发送接收子程序设计........................................................................145.2液晶显示子程序设计.....................................................................................155.3距离判断及报警子程序设计.........................................................................16结论..........................................................................................................................18参考文献.....................................................................................................................19致谢..........................................................................................................................20附录1系统总体电路............................................................................................21附录2系统工作主要程序....................................................................................22长春理工大学本科毕业设计1第1章绪论1.1设计倒车防撞告警装置的目的及意义目前，随着现代生活节奏的加快，经济的快速发展，高速公路已经在交通运输中占有重要地位，其正常运转与否事关重大，而且汽车的密集度日益增大，导致汽车追尾，倒车碰撞等交通事故发生的频率也在增加，同时据有关资料对公路交通事故的统计分析，发现在司机—汽车—道路三个环节中，司机是可靠性最差的一个环节，80％以上的事故是由于司机反映不及时或判断失误引起的，为提高汽车运行的安全性，特别在汽车高速行驶情况下，目标的正确识别至关重要，而天气或司机的疲劳驾驶等都