汽车常用术语

汽车常用术语1、汽车类型：thetypeofautomobile汽车：motorvehicle，automobile载货车：truck微型货车：mini-truck轻型货车：light-truck中型货车：mediumtruck重型货车：heavytruck越野车：off-roadvehicle自卸车：dumptruck牵引车：towingvehicle专用汽车：specialpurposevehicle客车：bus轿车：passengercar微型轿车：mini-car普通级轿车：subcompactcar中级轿车：compactcar中高级轿车：intermediatecar高级轿车：limousinecar2、汽车尺寸：dimensionofvehicle车长：vehiclelength车宽：vehiclewidth车高：vehicleheight轴距：wheelspace轮距：track前悬：frontoverhang后悬:rearoverhang最小离地间隙：groundclearance车轮外倾：camberangle主销内倾:kingpininclination前束toe-in3、发动机：engine发动机总体构造和工作原理：theconstructionandworkingprinciple汽油机gasolineengine柴油机dieselengine四冲程发动机four-strokeengine单(多)缸发动机single(multi)-cylinderengine立（斜、卧）式发动机vertical(inclined、horizontal)engine工作循环workingprocess进气（压缩、膨胀、排气）行程suction(compression、expansion、exhaust)stroke点火次序firingorder上（下）止点top(bottom)deadcentre活塞行程pistonstroke气缸工作容积pistonsweptvolume发动机排量enginesweptvolume充气系数volumetricefficiency配气相位valvetiming压缩比compressionratio直接喷射directinjection间接喷射indirectinjection喷油压力injectionpressure电控喷射electronic-controlledinjection雾化atomization混合气浓度mixtureconcentration可燃混合气combustiblemixture空燃比air-fuelratio过量空气系数excessairratio燃烧室combustionchamber压燃compressionignition点燃sparkignition抗暴性antiknockquality增压中冷inter-cooling负荷load空载no-load工况workingcondition曲柄连杆机构：connectingrodsandcrankshaft缸盖cylinderhead气缸cylinder缸体cylinderblock缸套cylinderliner油底壳oilpan活塞piston活塞环(销)pistonring(pin)气（油）环compression(oilcontrol)ring连杆connectingrod曲柄crank曲轴crankshaft飞轮flywheel配气机构：valvegear凸轮（轴）cam(camshaft)进（排）气阀inlet(exhaust)valve挺柱tappet推杆push-rod摇臂rockerarm燃油供给系统：fuelsystem柱塞（转子）式喷油泵jerkfuelinjectionpump喷油器injector调速器governor发动机调速系统：enginespeedgoverning排放控制系统：emissioncontrolsystem发动机冷却系统：enginecoolingsystem发动机润滑系统：enginelubricationsystem发动机点火系统：engineignitionsystem发动机起动系统：enginestartingsystem4、汽车底盘术语离合器：clutch摩擦离合器frictionclutch（单盘singleplate、双盘twindoubleplate、多盘multi-plate、膜片弹簧diaphragmspring、自动automatic、电磁electromagnetic）离合器操纵机构clutchoperation压盘pressureplate分离杆releaselever分离筒releasesleeve离合器盖clutchcover从动盘clutchplate从动盘毂clutchplatehub分离弹簧（轴承）releasespring(thrustbearing)中间压盘centerplate压紧弹簧pression减振弹簧dampingspring摩擦片platefrictionlining扭转减振器torsionaldampingarrangement变速器：transmission,gearbox机械式变速器mechanicaltransmission自动变速器automatictransmission主（副）变速器basic(splitter)transmission行星齿轮变速器planetarytransmission液力偶合器fluidcoupling液力变矩器torqueconverter万向传动装置：十字轴（非等速、等速、准等速、挠性、双联、球销、球笼）万向节cardan(nonconstantvelocity、constantvelocity、nearconstantvelocity、flexible、doublecardan、ballandtrunnion、rzeppa)universaljoint十字轴总成crossassembly万向节叉yoke驱动桥：drivingaxle断开（非断开）式驱动桥divided(rigid)driveaxle单（双）级主减速器single(double)reductionfinalaxle齿轮（防滑、自锁、摩擦）差速器gear(limited-slip、self-locking、multi-disc)differential桥壳axlehousing全浮（半浮）式半轴full-floating(semi-floating)axleshaft转向系：steeringsystem机械（动力）转向系manual(power)steeringsystem转向器steeringgear转向盘(轴、操纵机构)steeringwheel(shaft、controlmechanism)循环球-齿条齿扇（齿轮齿条）式转向器recirculatingball-rackandsector(rackandpinion)steeringgear正（逆）效率forward(reverse)efficiency行驶系：runningsystem独立（非独立）悬架indepenndent(rigidaxle)suspension钢板（螺旋、扭杆、空气、橡胶、油气）弹簧leaf(coil、torsionbar、air、rubber、hydro-pneumatic)spring减震器shockabsorber横向稳定器stabilizeranti-rollbar制动系：brakingsystem鼓（盘）式制动器drum(disk)brake驻车制动装置parkingbrakingdevice制动鼓（蹄、钳）brakedrum(shoe、caliper)《汽车理论》1汽车动力性vehicletractiveperformance2加速时间timeofacceleration3最大爬坡度maximumgradeability4驱动力tractiveforce5发动机的调速特性fixedthrottlecharacteristics6适应性系数adaptivecoefficient7机械效率mechanicalefficiency8行驶阻力resistance9滚动阻力rollingresistance10弹性迟滞elasticslow-moving11滚动阻力矩momentofrollingresistance12滚动阻力系数coefficientofrollingresistance13切向反力tangentialforce14法向反力normalforce15空气阻力aerodynamicresistance16空气阻力系数aerodynamicresistancecoefficient17坡道阻力graderesistance18道路阻力resistanceoftheroad19加速阻力acceleratingresistance；inertiaforce20旋转质量换算系数correctioncoefficientofrotatingmass21附着力adhesiveforce22切向反作用力tangentialforce23法向反作用力normalforce24附着系数coefficientofadhesion25后备功率powerreserve26发动机比功率power/massratio27燃料经济性fueleconomy28燃油消耗率specificfuelconsumption29万有特性crosssectionalcharacteristics30负荷特性partthrottlecharacteristics31道路循环油耗fueleconomyofroadtestcycles32制动性brakingperformance33地面制动力type-groundbrakingforce34制动器制动力brakingforceoriginatedfrombrakesystem35制动减速度brakingdeceleration35制动距离brakingdistance37同步附着系数synchronizingadhesioncoefficient38侧倾角速度rollvelocity39俯仰角速度pitchvelocity40横摆角速度yawvelocity41轮胎坐标系tireaxissystem42轮胎侧偏角side-slip-angle43侧偏刚度corneringstiffness44回正力矩aligningtorque45转向特性steeringcharacteristics46侧偏力corneringforce47横摆角速度增益yawvelocitygain48临界车速criticalspeed49特征车速characteristicspeed50不足转向understeer51过多转向oversteer52中性转向neutralsteer53静态储备系数staticmargin54瞬态响应transientstateresponse55稳态响应steadiesstateresponse56汽车平顺性rideoftheautomobile57路面谱spectrumofroadsurfaceroughness58空间频率spatialspectraldensity59空间频率谱spatialspectraldensity60时间频率谱spectraldensity61最小离地间隙groundclearance62汽车的通过性mobilityoverunpreparedterrain63纵向通过角rampangle64接近角approachangle65离地角departureangle66最小转弯直径diameterofturningcircle67转弯通道圆turningclearancecircle68功率循环circulationofpower69牵引阻力tractiv