5—3图示悬臂梁,横截面为矩形,承受载荷F1与F2作用,且F1=2F2=5kN,试计算梁内的最大弯曲正应力,及该应力所在截面上K点处的弯曲正应力。解:(1)画梁的弯矩图:(2)最大弯矩(位于固定端):max7.5MkN(3)计算应力:最大应力:K点的应力:5—4图示梁,由No22槽钢制成,弯矩M=80N.m,并位于纵向对称面(即x-y平面)内。试求梁内的最大弯曲拉应力与最大弯曲压应力。6maxmaxmax227.510176408066ZMMMPabhW6maxmax337.5103013240801212KZMyMyMPabhI401mF1Cy1mF280Kz30MMyzy0bC(+)7.5kNmxM5kN解:(1)查表得截面的几何性质:4020.379176zymmbmmIcm(2)最大弯曲拉应力(发生在下边缘点处):30max880(7920.3)102.6717610xMbyMPaI(3)最大弯曲压应力(发生在上边缘点处):30max88020.3100.9217610xMyMPaI5—5图示简支梁,由No18工字钢制成,在集度为q的均布载荷作用下,测得横截面C底边的纵向正应变ε=3.0×10-4,试计算梁内的最大弯曲正应力,已知钢的弹性模量E=200Gpa,a=1m。解:(1)求支反力:3144ABRqaRqa(2)画内力图:(3)由胡克定律求得截面C下边缘点的拉应力为:ABaaqCεRARBx(+)x(-)3qa/4FSqa/4qa2/49qa2/32M49max3.0102001060CEMPa也可以表达为:2max4CCzzqaMWW(4)梁内的最大弯曲正应力:2maxmaxmax993267.58CzzqaMMPaWW5—12图示矩形截面木梁,许用应力[σ+]=10MPa。(1)试根据强度要求确定截面尺寸b;(2)若在截面A处钻一直径d=60mm的圆孔,试问是否安全。(1)解:如图所示为剪力弯矩图,由图可知:kNmM13max26hbWzzWMmaxmaxmax解得:mmb125.0(2)6125.0125.02总zW34-m1026.3603.0125.021zI35m10875.1zI=1-zzII总33-zm1007.3IMPaWMA79.7z所以安全5—13图示槽形截面悬臂梁,F=10kN,Me=70kNm,许用拉应力[σ+]=35MPa,许用压应力[σ-]=120MPa,试校核梁的强度。解:(1)截面形心位置及惯性矩:y1003mF3mMe252550200zCCA112212(150250)125(100200)15096(150250)(100200)CAyAyymmAA3322841505025200(15050)(25)2(25200)(150)12121.0210zCCCIyymm(2)画出梁的弯矩图:(3)计算应力A+截面下边缘点处的拉应力及上边缘点处的压应力分别为:68(250)4010(25096)60.41.0210CAAzCMyMPaI6840109637.61.0210CAAzCMyMPaIA-截面下边缘点处的压应力为:68(250)3010(25096)45.31.0210CAAzCMyMPaI可见梁内最大拉应力超过许用拉应力,梁不安全。5—14图示铸铁梁,载荷F可沿梁AC水平移动,其活动范围为0η3l/2,试确定载荷F的许用值。已知许用拉应力[σt]=35MPa,许用压应力[σc]=140MPa,l=1m.Mx40kNm30kNm(+)(-)10kNm解:yc=(020.0080.0020.0010.0060.0020.0080.0010.0020.0100.0)m=0.03222m]m)03222.0060.0(080.0020.012080.0020.002222.0020.0100.012020.0100.0[42323zI46-m10142.3zI分析可知可能的危险面有两个:当F作用在AB段时,危险位置是:η=2l,4maxFlM此时剪力弯矩图如图所示:当F作用在BC段时,危险位置是:η=23l,|-maxM|=2Fl此时剪力弯矩图如图所示:确定载荷F的许用值:由危险面B的压力强度要求:cczccyIFlyM)100.0(2)100.0(I||z-maxmax,得:F≤)(cy000.1l]2Iz[c=)(03222.0-100.01.00010140103.14226-6N=NNk98.1210298.14由截面B的拉应力强度要求:][2|M|-maxmaxttCZczyIflyI,得:kNNNlyIFctz83.61083.6)03222.0100.0(000.11014010142.32][2366由maxM作用面的拉应力强度要求:][-100.04-100.0|M|maxmaxttCZczyIFlyI)()(,得kNNNylIFctz49.61049.6)03222.0100.0(000.1103510142.34-100.0][4366)(比较以上结果,最后确定取载荷的许用值为:F=6.49kN